roccoschili Page 393
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"Although Henan's agriculture is undergoing transformation and adjustment, its excellent basic conditions cannot be ignored. While developing the pillar heavy industry, building an agricultural product processing industry based on the agricultural foundation should be a development direction for Henan's industrial construction in the future."
"The agricultural product processing industry first establishes simple food processing enterprises, and then builds food deep processing enterprises, which can not only accelerate the development of enterprises in Henan, promote industrialization, but also reduce the loss of grain and livestock circulation and transportation, and improve the utilization rate of grain."
Tang Hua wrote a report for the State Planning Commission meeting in November.
Sanquanling glutinous rice balls, Missing dumplings... This is a big step, forget it, let's make instant noodles and Shuanghui first.
……
Shijiazhuang and Baoding, the capital of Hebei Province, which were lucky to pick up twice, have no projects to focus on for the time being.Return directly to Beijing from Zhengzhou.
"Tang Hua," the chief accountant approached him the next day after he came back, "Li Siguang returned to Beijing from Shanghai and made a report to the chairman, and then the chairman and the Military Commission had several meetings in August and September. Two days later , September 8th, there is another meeting, you have to be there."
When the chief accountant mentioned Li Siguang, Tang Hua could of course guess what it was.
In the middle of the conference table was a uranium ore sample dug by Li Siguang from Xiangshan, Jiangxi.
...Calm down, uranium ore does not have any radiation. Li Siguang used a glass box to store uranium ore, so there is no dust pollution.
"Comrade North Korea reported the situation some time ago. The Soviet Union is building a uranium mine in North Korea," Nie Shuai asked. "With such a large territory, the Soviet Union really doesn't have a large uranium mine in their territory?"
Tang Hua: "Uranium is not scarce in the earth's core, but it is a relatively rare element in the earth's crust, especially in the shallow surface. In addition, the metallogenic mechanism and distribution of ore belts of uranium deposits have not been fully studied in various countries. , Exploring uranium mines sometimes requires luck. At present, no large uranium mines have been discovered in the Soviet Union. Relying on the small uranium mines within its own territory, the manufacture of nuclear weapons will encounter a bottleneck of raw materials."
The chairman spent most of the meeting staring at the uranium ore samples in front of him. It was the first time in July that I saw the uranium ore brought by Li Siguang. The chairman personally took the instrument to the side of the uranium ore to measure and listened to the rattle of the indicator.Hearing Tang Hua talk about the Soviet Union's uranium mine problem, the chairman said: "If the Soviet Union can't find a big uranium mine, then we and North Korea will do them a favor."
The chairman said so, it seems that the previous meetings have already discussed the results, and we will supply part of the natural uranium extracted and refined from the Xiangshan uranium mine to the Soviet Union.
Tang Hua: "We can also look at it from the perspective of development. At present, there are no large-scale uranium mines in the Soviet Union, but 10 or 15 years later, with the development of science and technology and more advanced exploration methods, the Soviet Union will find its own large uranium mines. , we will also discover new uranium mines. We can help the Soviet Union in the 10 to 15 years. "
Nie Shuai: "If the Soviet Union's atomic bombs can catch up to or approach the number of the United States, then our security will be guaranteed. However, we are most assured that we have this thing in our own hands."
Tang Hua: "So the uranium mine in Xiangshan needs to be built, and there must be a smelter for refining uranium ore into yellow cake. We can also build uranium ore mining by ourselves, but the factory for refining yellow cake requires the intervention of the Soviet Union. If it is said that it takes a hundred steps to build an atomic bomb, then when the uranium mine and the uranium ore rough refinery are completed, we have taken five steps forward."
"Only five steps away..." Nie Shuai rubbed his chin with regret.
Chairman: "Some issues have been resolved in our previous meetings. The main topic of today's meeting is to make up our minds. Shall we take this opportunity to build some atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs?"
——Because Tang Hua mentioned atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs in his annual military industry reports after 1951, and explained how the two things work. Now the chairman, prime minister, and Vice Chairman Liu all know about hydrogen bombs.
Gao Shan: "How many factories will be used to develop atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, and how much manpower and financial resources will be required. This requires a comprehensive estimate."
Nie Shuai: "If you want to start the atomic bomb project, your planning committee needs to make adjustments to the First Five-Year Plan."
"Our country already knows that there are uranium deposits, and further exploration can find a lot of uranium deposits. In the past few years, we have also trained some people, and scientific research has also established a certain foundation." The chairman said, "In the past few years , There are many other things, and it’s too late to catch this matter. Now is the time, it’s time to catch it. As long as you arrange the schedule and work hard, you can definitely get it done. What do you think?”
The commander-in-chief, Nie Shuai, and Xu Shuai all agreed.
Chairman: "It doesn't count if you agree. I can see that Gao Shan has been inhaling. He didn't agree or object."
"The atomic bomb should be launched, but now the country's industrialization and construction will cost a lot of money. I am afraid that the financial and industrial systems will not be able to support it."
Commander-in-Chief: "Haven't we started discussing how much the atomic bomb will cost and how many factories will be built?"
Chairman: "Self-reliance is the main priority, foreign aid is the supplement, and we will proceed step by step. The country's industrial construction must continue as planned, and the construction of atomic bombs is also included in the construction projects. With more and more factories, we will be more confident in producing atomic bombs. Those two things can go hand in hand.”
Nie Shuai: "In addition to the five steps of uranium mining, what are the 95 steps we still lack?"
Tang Hua: "If we only talk about the atomic bomb project, it can be divided into two lines: nuclear raw materials and nuclear scientific research. In terms of nuclear raw materials, uranium ore and uranium roughing are now settled, and the next thing to do is to produce uranium hexafluoride, Isotope separation of uranium hexafluoride, molding and manufacturing of highly enriched uranium; in terms of nuclear scientific research, the Institute of Modern Physics has now carried out theoretical calculations, and the next thing to do is to build a verification reactor, obtain the basic principles of nuclear reactions, and calculate the chain The key parameters of the reaction and the principle model of the design of the atomic bomb. The last two lines are merged together to try out the verification model of the atomic bomb and manufacture the first atomic bomb.”
"In addition, there are some less difficult but essential lines, such as pyrotechnics lines, which require precision fuze technology and simultaneous detonation systems, such as the construction of nuclear test sites, such as special metal processing capabilities, etc. "
"A large part of these industries or scientific research projects are vacant. Among them, we may need to ask the Soviet Union for help on the key parameters of uranium isotope separation and chain reaction, otherwise the entire project will be delayed for at least 10 years. There are also some factories or technologies. Information, if we get the help of the Soviet Union, we can also significantly shorten the development time."
Chapter 18, Jealousy at night, someone borrow some dumplings
At the end of the meeting, the State Planning Commission took the lead, and the industrial and scientific research departments conducted a detailed investigation to estimate how much resources, how long, and how much support from the Soviet Union would be needed to launch the nuclear weapons project.
"Nuclear weapons are the most powerful weapons at the moment. In terms of technology and power, they are cross-generational. Will the Soviet Union hold back and be unwilling to help us in the development of nuclear weapons?" The meeting was coming to an end. , Nie Shuai asked a question.
This question is very important...
Sure enough, after Nie Shuai raised this question, everyone present at the meeting expressed doubts to some extent.
In the mid-to-late 50s, the Soviet Union was always concerned about the rapid increase in the number of nuclear weapons.Stalin did not have this problem at all. The main reason is that after Malenkov and Khrushchev came to power, they worried that because of the large number of nuclear weapons and too many countries with nuclear weapons, the Soviet Union would be beaten to pieces no matter whether it won or lost in the next war, so Start shrinking.
Therefore, after the Soviet Union acquired nuclear weapons, it immediately shouted to the United States, suggesting that the two sides sign a treaty to limit the number of nuclear weapons, and it is best to engage in nuclear disarmament.Nuclear disarmament was first proposed by the Soviet Union, not the United States.
"Chairman, Commander-in-Chief, Vice-Chairman Liu, I plan to write a paper and a few popular science articles on this issue, and publish them in Soviet journals."
Tang Hua proposed his own solution.
"Many scientists have a fearful attitude towards nuclear weapons, and this attitude has also affected some senior cadres in the Soviet Union. Before 1949, this kind of fear was particularly strong. After the Soviet Union possessed nuclear weapons in 1949, they felt that it was best to cooperate with the United States Sign an agreement, everyone will limit the number of nuclear weapons at the same time, and it is best not to use nuclear weapons in future wars.”
"Actually, I have always agreed with the chairman's view that nuclear weapons are nothing, so don't make myths about them. Atom bombs and hydrogen bombs can't pierce the earth, nor can it scorch the earth. At most, it will cause serious casualties to one or several countries in the world. It's just that When war comes one day in the future, we don’t want China to be the country that suffers heavy casualties from nuclear weapons attack, so we have to develop some nuclear weapons.”
"The Soviet Union's fear of nuclear weapons has led them to resist the development of nuclear weapons by other countries, including countries friendly to the Soviet Union. The purpose of my article is to clarify this matter in scientific theory. Don't just because we propose to develop nuclear weapons. Just nervousness. But the article to be written is a thesis, and the argument must be solid and rigorous, so when I write the article, I may need the participation and assistance of experts in geophysics, atmosphericology, and meteorology from the Academy of Sciences."
Vice-Chairman Liu: "Tang Hua is making insinuations. Let us first create an atmosphere of public opinion. When we talk to the Soviet Union, it will be easier for us to talk."
Tang Hua: (smiling)
This article is mainly based on papers, and popular science articles are to extract the gist of the papers in popular language.
The thesis is to write a comparison between several major geological disasters in the history of the earth and the destructive power of nuclear weapons.
Since 1945, some scientists believe that "nuclear weapons will destroy the earth."After the successful hydrogen bomb test, scientists became more and more worried, and finally developed the "nuclear winter" theory in the 60s.
The main point of the "nuclear winter" theory is that a large number (tens of thousands) of nuclear bombs exploding in a short period of time will suck up a large amount of surface dust, which enters the high altitude and reaches the stratosphere, where it will stay for several months to several years. Let the solar radiation received by the surface plummet, the global temperature may drop by 20 degrees, destroy the agricultural system of all countries, and make almost the entire planet uninhabitable.
The calculation of the nuclear winter theory was actually not rigorous at the beginning, but there were too many pacifist stances among scientists at that time, and they were unwilling to delve into the calculation process and find fault with the theory.
By the 20s, giant volcanoes in Indonesia erupted, and the amount of dust entering the stratosphere was several times greater than the amount produced by all the nuclear bomb explosions on the earth, but the earth did not matter.Coupled with the fact that geophysical theories are becoming more and more accurate, the nuclear winter theory is basically bankrupt.
But what Tang Hua needs to deal with now is not the nuclear winter theory, which is a fallacy that will be born 10 years later.
What Tang Hua needs to deal with now is...
Einstein.
Albert Einstein, the greatest physicist of the 20th century and chairman of the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists.
The Emergency Committee of Atomic Energy Scientists is an organization established by Einstein in 1945 calling for the destruction of nuclear weapons and the peaceful use of atomic energy. Physicists signed the Hillard Petition, and an Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists was formed at the same time.
This is why Tang Hua invited a bunch of prominent geophysicists and meteorologists to come out on the platform.This paper cannot be sloppy, nor can it directly throw out the conclusions of later researches.Every sentence and every word must have a score.
……
The research on the feasibility report of the nuclear industry starts with consulting the information...