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Because the rear of the boat was stuffed with reactors and steam turbines, the usual aft torpedo tubes had to be dispensed with.
"The general outline of Project 627 is probably like this," Peregudov told Aleksandrov, the chief scientist of Project 627, "Although I have never been optimistic about the combat effectiveness of nuclear torpedoes, at least I managed to stuff them into submarines." .”
"I'm not optimistic either, but it's a pity that this is an order from the leader." Aleksandrov said, "I think this project is too confidential, and there are no other shipbuilding experts and submarine commanders to participate in the design and review the design plan. Evaluate. If there is an old submarine commander who has comments on the plan, then he will definitely reject this whimsical giant torpedo."
The 627 project is now absolutely confidential. Only a few senior leaders of the Soviet Communist Party, a handful of experts and those engineers and technicians who directly participated in the research and design work know about this task. got the news.
For the sake of confidentiality, the design site of the 627 project is not in Leningrad, but in the inland Moscow Institute of Chemical Machinery.
The T-15 nuclear torpedo is the trump card of the Type 627 submarine. It is powered by steam-gas and is equipped with a nuclear warhead.
However, Peregudov has calculated that the design speed of the nuclear submarine is only 24 knots, so even if the submarine leaves the launched torpedo at full speed, it may still be affected by the nuclear bomb explosion.
In addition, it is almost impossible to pass through NATO's anti-submarine defense line, approach the main base of the British and American navies, and launch torpedoes at a distance of 40 kilometers.It's basically a suicide submarine.
But the designer said "impossible" and it didn't work. Comrade Beria, who is in charge of the national defense secret project, just thought that he could blow up Portsmouth with one torpedo and Norfolk with another torpedo. What should we do?
... Having said that, both Peregudov and Alexandrov have not seen Comrade Beria come to inspect for a long time.No radio or TV appearances.
If Comrade Beria is still concerned about the 627 project, you must tell him when you come to inspect next time that the T-15 nuclear torpedo is too unreliable.
……
"Oh, there are two pieces of news today, one is bad news and the other is worse news, which one do you want to hear?"
Chief scientist Aleksandrov told Pelegudov.
Peregudov: "Worse news."
Aleksandrov: "The Institute of Physical Energy of the Soviet Academy of Sciences built a prototype of a land-based nuclear power plant for boats in Obninsk. The output power of this reactor is lower than expected. The development of a new configuration of nuclear reactors is currently Impossible, the basic materials of the reactor limit us to build more powerful nuclear reactors. It is also very difficult to improve the prototype of the current set of nuclear power plants, the reason is still a headache for the basic materials. Therefore, the 627 nuclear submarine must install two reactor to achieve the design speed."
The launch of the 627 project was because the KGB got sporadic news about the "Nautilus" nuclear submarine. The Soviet Union was greatly stimulated, and Beria ordered to speed up the research on nuclear submarines.In fact, the KGB did not obtain any technical information on the "Nautilus" that could be used as a reference.
Therefore, the Soviet Union can only figure out how to design nuclear submarines and nuclear reactors from scratch.The Institute of Physical Energy of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union bit the bullet and proposed three reactor solutions for submarines: the first is a pebble bed high-temperature air-cooled reactor, the second is a beryllium-moderated helium-cooled reactor, and the third is a graphite-moderated water-cooled reactor. reactor.
The result of the demonstration is that none of the three reactor solutions can be used. Finally, on the basis of the first pebble bed high-temperature air-cooled reactor, the air cooling is changed to water cooling, which is the configuration of the pressurized water reactor. At the end of 52, Stalin and Beria signed a document ordering the construction of a prototype of the pressurized water reactor device.
Now the pressurized water reactor is built as an experimental device, but the power is low.
Pelegudov: "It's terrible news. Well then. I'll be more able to bear the normal bad news with this insanely bad news in front of me."
"No. When you hear bad news after bad news, bad news is the worst news."
Aleksandrov said, "The bad news is that the higher-ups feel that the current 627-ton underwater displacement of Project 3900 is too large, because the output power of the nuclear power plant prototype is less than half of the original estimate. They feel that if they want to maintain the original 26-knot design In terms of speed, it is best to compress the displacement to 3500 tons."
Chapter No.17, Wuhan returns to Beijing
In Wuchang Shipyard, Tang Huan can overlook the Guishan Mountain in the north of the Yangtze River, and the Yellow Crane Tower on the top of the Snake Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River.
There were no high-rise buildings in Wuhan at this time, and the Yellow Crane Tower could be seen in most of Wuchang.
The river between Guishan Mountain and Snake Mountain is empty, and the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge has not yet started construction.There are some construction sites on both sides of the river, but it is not clear whether it is the preliminary construction work of the bridge or ordinary infrastructure.
The estimated investment of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is 7200 billion old coins, equivalent to 7200 million new yuan.Including various supporting projects, the total investment is 1.3 million RMB.
This is 50 million and 7200 million in the 1.3s.
Later, some money was saved during the construction. The actual construction of the bridge cost more than 6500 million yuan, but it is definitely considered a huge investment project of this era.
The reason for spending so much money is that the bridge uses 2.4 tons of steel, most of which cannot be smelted and processed in China, and are imported from the Soviet Union; the bridge uses 13 cubic meters of concrete, of which the cement used for underwater construction is also Not domestically produced, but imported from the USSR.These cost the most money, and they are all in foreign exchange.
However, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge connects the Beijing (Ping)-Han Railway and the Guangdong-Han Railway to form a complete Beijing-Guangzhou line. This strategic and economic significance is immeasurable, and it must be built no matter how expensive it is.
When Tang Hua was planning the development plan at the Wuchuan site, Xilin’s plan was being reviewed by Chinese and Soviet bridge experts. "Response".Minister of Railways Ji Daiyuan also arrived in Wuhan.
Peng Min, the commander-in-chief of the Yangtze River Bridge, became inexplicably nervous. He approached Teng Daiyuan and asked, "What if the result is that we disagree with this plan and withdraw Xilin back to the country?"
"Even if Xilin returns to China, we will still follow Xilin's plan!" said Ji Daiyuan, "There are not so many hypotheses!"
……
The expert review meeting was indeed very intense.
But one thing is important: the caisson method has proven unsuitable for the construction of the piers of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.Either use new technology and new methods to build bridge piers, or don't build the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.Among the new techniques and methods, although Xilin's scheme has never been used before, it is very meticulous in terms of theory and engineering calculations.
"Our Minister of Heavy Industry Tang Hua, who is also an academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, has seen Comrade Xilin's plan," said Wu Jingtian, the vice minister of the Ministry of Railways who presided over the meeting. Strict, he personally thinks that the pipe string drilling construction method is worth trying. Even if we still have doubts about this construction method, we should immediately start building a bridge pier by the Lianhua Lake to test whether the pipe string drilling construction method is feasible .Of course, other design groups can continue to carry out theoretical calculations of their own schemes at the same time."
Soviet mechanics expert Shaglov: "Don agrees with Xilin's plan?... I think his opinion is worth listening to."
Grove Grove, a bridge engineer of the Soviet expert group: "Well, if this is the case, then I cautiously agree that the test can be carried out. The test work is the key to success, and I hope that risks can be avoided as much as possible during the test."
Wu Jingtian nodded in agreement, and added: "I personally think that Xilin is not a rash person. Regarding his own reputation and the reputation of the Soviet comrades, he will not bring it up if he is not very sure. There may be some unconsidered aspects of this construction method. Thoughtful places, but there should be no risk of total overthrow."
After five consecutive days of meetings, Xilin's plan was finally approved after strict and even harsh review.
"The new method used in the deep foundation of the piers of the Yangtze River Bridge is advanced. It guarantees shorter construction period and lower construction cost, and the labor conditions are simpler than the foundation engineering of the caisson method. Under the current situation, we should immediately transfer the work to The center of gravity is shifted to the pipe string drilling construction method to carry out test work....In addition, this method should also be widely used in the construction of bridges and hydraulic structures.”
……
Tang Hua returned to Beijing from Wuhan, passing through Henan and Hebei in turn.
Henan is a big agricultural province...it's not.
In the 50s, Henan's agriculture was not as strong as it was later, and its industry was not as weak as imagined.
The reason why agriculture is not so strong is the yellow flood zone.
In May 1938, the Japanese army captured Xuzhou and quickly invaded westward along the Longhai Line.The Nationalist government panicked, ordered by Chiang Kai-shek and carried out by Shang Zhen, blasted the Yellow River at Huayuankou and Zhaokou in an attempt to prevent the Japanese army from capturing Zhengzhou and Wuhan.
The two floods of Zhaokou and Huayuankou merged and broke the Longhai Railway from west to east, and then submerged more than 44 square kilometers of land in 30 counties of Zhongmu, Weishi, Fugou, Xihua and Huaiyang to the southeast of Henan. Finally, it flows into the Huaihe River near Bengbu.
The gap at Huayuankou was expanded to more than 1400 meters wide due to the erosion of the storm peak that year, and it was impossible to block it.The Yellow River rushes out of Huayuankou every year during the flood season, which directly caused the "Henan Famine" for two consecutive years from 1941 to 1943, as well as severe soil salinization.
Unlike rainwater, river water contains trace amounts of salt.Diversion of river water for irrigation If the water flows in and out, it's okay, the water that flows away will take away traces of salt.But if it is only going in and out, a large pool of flood water will soak the cultivated land, and slowly dry it, leaving traces of salinity in the soil.After soaking for two or three years in a row, the soil becomes salinized, and the growth rate of crops slows down, or even fails to grow at all.
The management of the yellow flood zone lasted from the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China to the early 80s, when Huayuankou's ass was wiped clean. The "Yellow Flood Area Farm" is for this purpose. The land is too saline-alkali, and there are no farmers to grow it. The only way is for the state to take over the land, re-divide the land, build water collection and drainage tanks, and slowly eliminate the salinity. It will take more than ten to 20 years. Let the salinity recede, and then restore soil fertility.
As for industry... Among the 156 key projects, there are 10 in Henan, most of which are concentrated in Luoyang.
No, in the agreement signed between China and the Soviet Union, there are 162 national key projects, and 11 projects fall in Henan.
Taking Wuhan as the axis, provoking Hunan and Henan, Henan Luoyang No. [-] Tractor Factory started construction first, and here mainly produces northern agricultural machinery.Changsha has also planned a small-scale agricultural machinery to produce small and micro agricultural machinery suitable for rice cultivation, suitable for small cultivated land in the south.However, the small-scale agricultural machinery in Changsha is a long-term plan, and construction will not start until the second five-year period.
Most of the 156 items falling in Henan are supporting facilities of Luoyang YTO: Luoyang Ball Bearing Factory, Luoyang Thermal Power Plant, No. 2 Shaft of Pingdingshan Coal Mine, Luoyang Nonferrous Metal Processing Factory, Luoyang Diesel Engine Factory, and Luoyang Mining Machinery Factory.
In Zhengzhou, where Tang Hua got off the bus, the key project under construction is the Zhengzhou No. 162 Thermal Power Plant. There are also two projects that are not included in the list of [-] key projects, but are still under construction: Zhengzhou Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant and Zhengzhou Railway Station.
If everything goes according to plan, one of the six sets of medium-pressure ammonia synthesis equipment provided by the Soviet Union has been installed in Zhengzhou, and the combined fertilizer production line designed by Hou Debang is being produced separately in Northeast China and Shanghai, and the components will arrive in several cities in December 1953. installation and commissioning in each city.