roccoschili Page 616
Page 616
After the barbecue party was over, Qian Xuesen and Korolev were still chatting about rockets by the sea.
"Intercontinental missiles and launch vehicles should be developed separately," Korolev said. "Although we have modified the launch vehicle on the basis of R-7 and will continue to develop this family of launch vehicles, in fact, R-7 as a It is not qualified as an intercontinental ballistic missile, it is more like a launch vehicle temporarily used to launch nuclear warheads."
Qian Xuesen: "The R-7 must be launched on the ground. With the support of the launch platform, it takes several hours from the missile erection, fuel injection to final launch. It is indeed of limited practical significance."
Korolev: "Unfortunately, we only have the R-7 rocket available now, so we still have to manufacture a few and put it into active service."
Tang Hua: "Are you also designing the next generation of intercontinental missiles that are more convenient for actual combat?"
Korolev smiled: "From the general rules of weaponry and equipment development, this is very natural."
What Korolev said should be R-9/R-9A, NATO codename SS-8 "Shaheen".Although this kind of missile is still liquid fuel, it is deployed in an underground well and has a much stronger anti-strike capability.
……
"How is it? After talking with Korolev for a few days, what are the specific results?" Tang Hua asked Qian Xuesen.
"The Soviet Union's rocket production plan was very rigid, and the production capacity of their rocket factories was not flexible, so it was not easy," said Qian Xuesen. No problem. But then the Soviet Union has no spare rocket production capacity. Oh, and engines."
After learning that China's Dongfeng-3 will use a dinitrogen tetroxide-unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine engine with a thrust of more than [-] tons, Korolev said that the Soviet Union has changed this level of engine to a liquid oxygen-kerosene engine. Chong is also not bad, but part of the rocket is filled with liquid oxygen, and it must be kept at a low temperature at the last moment before launch, which is considered a semi-cryogenic rocket.
Qian Xuesen is developing a liquid hydrogen-liquid oxygen rocket as the third-stage engine, saying that the low-temperature projectile/rocket problem is easy to solve, but how to improve the specific impulse of the liquid oxygen kerosene engine is a difficult problem.
Korolev believes that the RD-107 of the Moon rocket can be given to China for reference.
Tang Hua: "So we got the technical information of a liquid oxygen kerosene engine for nothing?"
Qian Xuesen: "This is just Korolev's personal suggestion. Whether the high-level Soviet Union approves it depends on our return to Moscow."
……
Moscow.
"Are you back? There has been a lot of trouble outside these few days." Nie Shuai has been staying in Moscow. "Although it has no direct relationship with the Soviet Union, it is a big deal."
Tang Hua: "Looking at the news for a while, is it about the rebellion in Algiers, France?"
Nie Shuai: "Yes, it brought down the French government."
Algeria was a French colony.The Algiers rebellion is a colonial rebellion.The colonies of other countries rebelled, and the final result was independence.The French colonies rebelled, and the rebels actually dispatched paratroopers to occupy Corsica—this is mainland France, and threatened to occupy Paris.
The matter was first caused by the uprising of the natives of Algeria.The French army stationed in Algiers was very dissatisfied with the policy of Paris, which made them timid and unable to deal with the uprising, so they reversed.While occupying Corsica, the rebels demanded that Pierre Frimland step down, that the government be dissolved, that Charles de Gaulle be installed, or Paris be attacked.
What's even more exaggerated is that the French government found out after some research that it might not be able to defend Paris.The French Fourth Republic’s parliamentary system did not take into account the French army’s rebellion. The Algiers rebellion caused the political system of the “French Fourth” to malfunction, and then crashed, and then it was impossible to deploy other French troops to defend Paris.
Now, French President René Coty could no longer withstand the pressure and announced that Pierre Frimland had stepped down, and Charles de Gaulle had become Prime Minister of the Fourth French Republic.
"For the sake of the fate of French Algeria, I am willing to temporarily take over power."
"When did I ever violate civil liberties? On the contrary, when civil liberties disappeared, I rediscovered them. I am 67 years old, and who in his heart thinks that I am going to start a dictator?"
At this moment, de Gaulle is giving a speech to all French people, explaining why he accepted the support of the people to become the French Prime Minister.
"It's not about the collapse of another French cabinet," Tang Hua said. "Most of the top French politicians now realize that the French Fourth Republic's prime minister cabinet system can no longer continue. Charles de Gaulle became prime minister, and France The Fourth Republic is about to perish, and the Fifth Republic is about to be established."
Nie Shuai: "Only de Gaulle's prestige and methods can change the system from the prime minister to the presidential system. I hope there will be no bloodshed in this reform. We have an embassy in Paris, and the ambassador to France is also the Spanish ambassador."
Tang Hua: "In fact, what is more worthy of concern is that if Charles de Gaulle secures his position, he will further increase the allocation of nuclear weapons and missiles. The French nuclear weapons program was accelerated once in 1956, and now there will be a new round of acceleration. .”
Chapter 182, it can determine the future of human spaceflight
Suqian, Jiangsu.
"e on! Guys, I'm not even upset, it turns out you guys made a big mistake, it's not that bad. Even if it was a big mistake, I haven't seen the secret police in China for a month .”
British meteorologist James Stagg and several staff members of the National Meteorological Administration are inspecting the Suqian Meteorological Bureau. Now he is just like in the UK, dragging his translator to participate in the weather forecast meeting, saying whatever he wants, and not treating himself as an outsider .
On March 3, China released a message to invite geophysicists and meteorologists from all over the world to China to observe and study. This was a rare academic exchange during the Cold War period, especially for China. This is the first time.It took a month for IGY to finalize the list of applicants, travel at the end of April, and arrive in China at the beginning of May.
The Meteorology Observation Team consisted of 8 scientists: 1 from Japan, 1 from Britain, 1 from India, 1 from Iceland, 2 from West Germany, and 2 from France. In addition, these scientists also had 6 assistants to enter the country.
On May 5, the meteorological investigation team obtained a new mid- and long-term weather forecast for the Huanghuai River in Nanjing. Afterwards, the expedition team went to the Huaihe and Yellow River basins in four groups to verify the accuracy of the mid- and long-term weather forecast.By May 10th, the forecast on May 5th had been basically obtained. This time, it was a bit of a mistake. The comprehensive accuracy rate was 24%, which was lower than the original estimated accuracy rate.
This is more embarrassing for the comrades of the National Weather Service.Zhu Kezhen said that 60% accuracy rate is a passing line. Although there are still a lot of errors, at least it can be seen that scientific calculations have been carried out. 55% accuracy rate... If someone insists that this is blind, you can't refute it.
Of course, those who say this is blindness are generally laymen, or those who deliberately pretend to be ignorant.Stagg is not one of these two types of people. He has carefully studied weather maps for a long time, and believes that although the weather forecast made by the Chinese has a large area of errors, he can see the result of complex calculations.
So at the meeting, it was Stagg who was encouraging the Bureau of Meteorology staff not to be discouraged.
"From this line to the northwest, your weather forecast is more than 70% accurate," Stagg drew a line at the location of Zhumadian-Zhoukou-Shangqiu-Jining, "From this line to the southeast, the weather forecast The accuracy rate is 42%. Obviously, this is a local error that leads to a decrease in accuracy.”
Zhang Jijia: "Mr. Stagg, is it an unexpected change caused by the airflow from the sea mixed into the monsoon?"
"Very accurate," Stagg looked at the young man who was not yet 30 years old. "Anomalies in ocean thermal conditions are an important forcing factor for long-term weather anomalies. East Asia is generally affected by monsoons in May, while northern Jiangsu and Jiangsu In the surrounding area, some airflow will come from the sea. The prediction of this forcing factor is not accurate enough, which will affect the accuracy of weather forecast. What analysis method are you using now?"
Huang Peichang: "Discrete Analysis Method."
Stagg: "It is recommended to switch to the main shock analysis method. In addition, you need to have monthly statistics of sea surface temperature in the tropical-temperate Pacific Ocean for the last 40 years, at least the temperature statistics for the western Pacific Ocean."
... cold scene.
Huang Peichang: "There really isn't one."
"Then I want to tell you some good news. I have it." Stagg said proudly, "Daying has done some basic hydrometeorological surveys in Asia."
……
In fact, Stagg had never seen the Tianhe-[-] computer, and foreign meteorologists were not allowed to enter that building.When introducing the weather forecast system, we directly introduced the calculation process as a black box, and only told them that the data is input from here, and the calculation results are obtained from here. As for how the calculation is done in this black box, I will not explain it.
But it was the first time that Stagg could only think in pure theory at work, just write formulas, instead of lying next to electromechanical calculators or vacuum tube computers all day waiting for numerical output.This made him enthusiastic, and half a month after coming to China, he enthusiastically devoted himself to the construction of the weather forecast system in the Huanghuai area.
In addition to the British and French in Suqian, Japanese and Icelandic meteorologist Yoshino Masatoshi went to the Yellow River. They witnessed the medium and long-term weather forecast system accurately broadcasting rainfall near Huayuankou.Two German meteorologists in Jinan also stayed in the area where the forecast was accurate, and an Indian meteorologist went to Xuzhou.
But so far, the most aggressive jumping up and down has to be Stagg.What is a profession, this is called a profession.
……
Moscow.
"In the past two days, there is another matter. According to the previous intentions of the two parties, it has basically been negotiated," Nie Shuai said. It may be built at the same time as our Fujian extremely long wave.”
Tang Hua: "I have read the previous letter of intent. The Soviets made their own antennas. Anyway, they are copper wires. If there is a power grid, the power grid can be used. In addition to the ultra-long wave, the whole system also has a set of ultra-long wave. It is enough to embed the ultra-long wave radio station made by the Soviet Union. We Only the central control room and waveform generator, as well as the receiver of the submarine, should not affect the construction of Fujian's extremely long wave system."
Nie Shuai: "Last week, in mid-May, comrades in the Soviet Union have started construction of the foundation of the extremely long wave station in Arkhangelsk. It is really fast."
"The Soviet Union's first nuclear submarine began sea trials at the end of last year, and it should be delivered soon," Tang Hua said. "No. Included in the material preparation plan. The Soviet nuclear submarine fleet is developing at this speed, and the one-way communication at 4 meters underwater is too attractive to nuclear submarines."
The first nuclear submarine in the Soviet Union was the Type 627, which is the only one, but the slightly modified 627A is now in mass production.
Type 627 initially wanted to install a nuclear torpedo tens of meters long, but later it returned to normal, and installed eight 8 mm torpedo tubes.