roccoschili Page 617
Page 617
However, installing two reactors, two sets of steam turbines, and two propellers on a submarine with an underwater displacement of more than 4000 tons is a big enough idea.
"The Soviet comrades' nuclear submarines are already sailing at sea. Now we have only two Type 33 ships, which are still assembled with Soviet parts." Nie Shuai said.
Tang Hua: "Let's continue to practice with the Type 33. The third Type 33 submarine will have 55% of its parts made in China. We will talk about other things after the localization of the main parts of the submarine is completed."
……
In May 1958, the only 5-type K-627 boat made a sea trial in the coastal waters of the Soviet Union. The USS "Nautilus" nuclear submarine has been in service for three and a half years.Last year, the "Nautilus" reached a nuclear-powered record of 3 nautical miles, which is comparable to the distance traveled by the submarine of the same name in Jules Verne's science fiction novel.
The "Nautilus" is an underwater weapon, but its number one mission in 1958 was a political mission - in order to restore the bad influence of the failure of the artificial satellite launch competition, Eisenhower asked the US Navy's nuclear submarine to complete a feat: cross the Arctic ice Cover, reach the North Pole from underwater.
In April 1958, the news in the United States was buzzing about this matter. At that time, the "Nautilus" had just been transferred from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. After passing through the Panama Canal, it went north to berth in Seattle.
In late May 1958, the Nautilus disappeared from Seattle.
"The US sending nuclear submarines to the North Pole is not a scientific investigation or research, but a military route exploration."
On the train back to Beijing, the newspaper in Tang Hua's hand contained a report introducing the "Nautilus"'s North Pole voyage plan.
Nie Shuai: "U.S. nuclear submarines sneak into the depths of the Arctic Ocean from the Bering Strait or the coast of Canada, and then suddenly appear near the Soviet land, seriously threatening the important Soviet military ports of Severodvinsk and Murmansk. The Soviet navy is difficult to prevent Living in nuclear submarines that popped out of the ice."
Tang Hua: "If these nuclear submarines carry nuclear missiles instead of torpedoes, then the trouble will be even greater."
Qian Xuesen: "Submarines carry nuclear missiles. That's why you keep saying that the long-term planning of ballistic missiles should follow the path of solid propellants?"
Tang Hua: "It's not just that submarines can't carry fuel tanks and propellant tanks for temporary refilling, land-based ballistic missiles will also have to achieve rapid response in the future. Now Soviet comrades are working on long-term storage of liquid fuel formulas, which involves a lot of trouble Advanced technologies, such as passivation of fuel and oxidizers, and anti-corrosion linings of missile fuel tanks. Instead of such trouble, it is better to directly add solid propellants.”
Nie Shuai: "How fast should the reaction speed of ballistic missiles be?"
"The missile itself requires that the response time tends to be zero, and it is ready to launch at any time, or at least one-third of the ballistic missiles are in this state." Tang Hua said, "From the moment the enemy launches the ballistic missile to the time it falls on us, There is about half an hour, but this half hour has to be reserved for other things, such as discovering missiles, issuing alarms, such as judging where the missiles landed, all of which require time, and time for decision-making.”
Nie Shuai: "Why do I feel that the Soviet Union does not have such a system now."
Tang Hua: "That's why I have been lobbying them to start the application of satellite system construction as soon as possible."
……
The Soviet Union is interested in synchronous communication satellites and infrared early warning satellites, but it is difficult to increase the priority of launch.
Synchronous communication satellite, Korolev said that the Moon rocket can be used after modification, but two lunar exploration missions must be completed first, and then a synchronous communication satellite will be launched, positioned over Malacca, so that China and the Soviet Far East can Use it for relay communication.
The infrared early warning satellites will be a little later, because the Vostok rockets of the manned spacecraft will be launched in batches after the Moon mission is completed.
Unexpectedly, the Soviet Union had a strong interest in visible light reconnaissance and photography satellites.
The photographic reconnaissance satellite plan given by Tang Hua is a returnable satellite. There are 12 film compartments on the reconnaissance satellite. After shooting a roll of film, the film compartment is ejected, and a small rocket is ignited to return to the ground.So before launching it, it is necessary to build a returnable satellite to verify the return technology.
The reason why the Soviet Union wanted to take a photo of the reconnaissance satellite was to be the first to take a selfie of the earth in space.
This probably requires a photographic reconnaissance satellite with a relatively far apogee (at least 2000 kilometers, 3000 kilometers is the best), click and take a selfie when it is farthest from the earth.At the perigee, it is an important facility for spying on the hinterland of various countries.
The approximate launch time of these three satellites is from the second half of 1959 to the second half of 1960, and the number is not too many. First, make sure that one of them goes to the sky, and the test is no problem, and then think about the next step.
……
Southern California, Canoga Park.
Keith Grennan, a member of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and the first appointed administrator of NASA, flew from Washington to Greater Los Angeles. He got into the car as soon as he got off the gangway and went straight to Rocketdyne Aerospace Holdings.
Driven by Eisenhower, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is about to be established, the headquarters building is already in place, and various research units with spacecraft design capabilities have gradually become independent from the Army, Navy, and Air Force, just waiting for NASA to be officially established.
It is easy to establish a listing, and the key is to do something after the establishment.
The current situation is that the United States is obviously behind the Soviet Union in the field of spaceflight. From last year to now, the Soviet Union has used large-scale launch vehicles to launch satellites. Some research institutions in the United States have estimated that the capacity of this rocket is enough to carry a The human spherical capsule was sent into space, and the second space launch of the Soviet Union was to send dogs into space for experiments.
Even the space launch capability of the United States at this stage is still slightly inferior to that of China—now that the Americans have figured it out, China’s launch vehicle weighs about 40-45 tons, while the American Juno-1 weighs only 29 tons.Therefore, China can launch satellites weighing more than 50 kilograms, while the United States can only launch small grapefruits.
Although the Atlas intercontinental missile/launch vehicle being tested can throw China away at once and raise the weight of the US launch vehicle to the level of the Soviet Union, the United States is developing, and the Soviet Union and China will not stop making progress.
Catching up with the Soviet Union, surpassing the Soviet Union, and saving face for the United States, this is the first mission of NASA after its establishment.To accomplish this task, one cannot take one step at a time and look at one step at a time, but must look farther.
"Mr. Glennan, hello." Under the huge squiggle factory logo - "Rocketdyne", Rocketdyne CEO Atwood welcomed the future NASA director.
"Your company has undertaken the manufacture of the Army's Redstone ballistic missile?" Columnan cut to the point.
"Yes, in addition to the Redstone missile, we also provided some parts for the Army's Juno-1 and Jupiter-C rockets," Atwood said, "In addition, the ongoing Atlas program, Rocketdyne is also ranked One of the top 5 parts suppliers."
Columnan: "Juno, Jupiter, Atlas, these visible things are no longer the frontier of spaceflight. I need some things that are not yet visible, items that can determine the future of human spaceflight."
Atwood: "We're ready to show you."
In Rocketdyne's workshop, engineer Samuel Hoffman shows visitors a huge metal ring that appears to be 4 meters in diameter.
"Is that all for now?" Columnan asked.
"That's all that's actually built, but we can look at the design drawings," Hoffman said, "I'm pretty sure this is the 'decisive item' you want, an unprecedented giant rocket engine with a thrust of 700 tons per machine. "
Chapter 183, Call me on the phone if something happens
"Mr. Zhao Zhongyao, I didn't expect it to be your call."
On the second day after returning to Beijing, Zhao Zhongyao called Tang Hua.
"Tang Hua, first I want to ask if you are busy recently."
Tang Hua: "I won't go out for the last month. I won't go to Changchun and Shenyang until next month, early July. Is there anything I can do?"
Zhao Zhongyao: "Do you still remember Sun Liangfang from the 51st class of the Physics Department?"
"Well... I remember, the leader of the third laser team."
"That's right, he's done three sets of lasers, and he's finally achieved results. It's been a rough few years for Xiao Sun. If you're free, come and see him."
……
In January 1951, after breaking through the laser technology, Tang Hua assigned 1 tasks to the 51st graduate students of the Department of Physics and formed 8 research groups.After completing the assigned tasks, graduate with a degree certificate.
More than seven years have passed in a flash.
Now the situation of these 8 groups is as follows:
The laser group is used as a laser irradiator.This is so easy, it can be done in half a year.Then the laser group was divided into two directions. One was led by Liang Guiming to continue to engage in laser irradiation, and now he is working on laser beam guidance. Liang Guiming was awarded the rank of lieutenant colonel in 55; This is more difficult. In 1954, with the help of Qian Xuesen, we made a slight breakthrough, and now we are doing product technology iterations to improve precision.
The second laser group, Zhou Guangzhao's laser communication team, used exactly one year to achieve air-transmitted laser digital communication. Three years later, in 1954, optical fiber was launched. Now 7 optical fiber communication trunk lines have been repaired in China, and 3 in the Soviet Union.Not to mention straight lines and local high-speed lines.The leader of the laser communication team, Zhou Guangzhao, has lost contact. The team members have been merged into the Changchun Optoelectronics Institute, relying on the optical fiber factory, specializing in optical fiber communication technology.
The fourth group of lasers is the laser measurement group. The leader of the group, Yang Zhen, successfully developed a laser range finder in 1952, reaching the graduation standard.Their team continued to work, successfully developed a laser calibrator in 1953, and a laser plane interferometer in 1954, and is now working on laser radar.
The fifth group of lasers, industrial lasers, led by Li Qingzhong, this group has done a lot of things. So far, it has made seven or eight kinds of laser cutting machines, welding machines, and marking machines, and is studying laser additive manufacturing.There are new graduate students in the Laser Group [-], and the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University jokes that it is possible to set up an industrial laser major.
The laser six groups, the laser confrontation group, made a laser simulation countermeasure system in 1956, and passed the acceptance inspection of the General Military Training Department of the People's Liberation Army in the same year.
In the laser group seven, the laser holographic technology group led by Tang Hua himself, and several assistants under him also successfully obtained their degrees.