roccoschili Page 523
Page 523
"Even the Soviet Union at that time could not send out these materials for free. We couldn't afford them. Molotov approached our Planning Commission, and the Planning Commission proposed a plan to let these countries also provide some products to the Soviet Union symbolically."
"Afterwards, the Economic Exchange Council was established. The Economic Exchange Council seems to be a coordination organization for the exchange of goods between the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. In fact, the exchange of goods between the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries is not necessary, at least not in both directions. It is only out of It did so in accordance with the state policy of the Soviet Union, and has continued to do so."
Li Fuchun: "However, becoming an observer country of the Economic and Trade Council will help the trade exchanges between China and these countries, and the mutual trade will be more convenient."
Sabrov: "Observer states are the best."
Tang Hua: "There is still another organization, the organization formed by the Economic Exchange and the signatories of the "Warsaw Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance", which overlaps in some natures and functions."
Konstantinovich: "It has been 8 months since the Warsaw Pact was signed, and its signatories will eventually develop in terms of military cooperation and political consultation. Like the Economic and Trade Conference, I don't think China has any chance of joining the Warsaw Pact. "Necessary."
Tang Hua looked at the small table, there was not much pickled cucumbers on the big plate, why did he get so drunk, and the truth came out one after another.
……
1955年5月14日，苏联+东欧在波兰首都华沙签署《华沙公约》，华约组织成立。1991年3月31日，苏联宣布华约组织停止所有活动。
"In the event of an attack in Europe by any State or group of States against one or more of the Contracting States, each Contracting State shall, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, exercise the right of individual or collective self-defence, and the other Contracting States shall defend themselves by all means it deems necessary, including the use of armed forces. , and immediately render assistance to a country or countries that have suffered such an attack."
This article of the Warsaw Pact basically set the tone for the entire organization: a de facto treaty of military alliance.
China actually did not have a good impression of the Warsaw Pact. After Brezhnev came to power, the Warsaw Pact was also brought up to confront China, and even conducted military exercises against China.
The headquarters of the Warsaw Pact, the Political Consultative Committee, was in Warsaw, but the Joint Armed Forces Command (military headquarters) was in Moscow.The organizations parallel to the command include the Defense Ministers Committee and the Foreign Ministers Committee. The General Staff under the command is the core of the Warsaw Pact organization: it has the power to command the combined armed forces of the Warsaw Pact.
However, the Warsaw Pact has not yet formed a unified force, and the armies of the eight countries have not held joint exercises above the military level.
Now Tang Hua is interested in the Warsaw Pact, the main reason is also because of the "joint armed forces" stipulated by the Warsaw Pact.The main force of the Warsaw Pact countries is of course the Soviet army, but the total strength of the other seven countries of the Warsaw Pact is about 100 million. It is very important what equipment they use and how they plan to develop their equipment in the future.
"I think so too. The Warsaw Pact was signed to deal with NATO, especially the rearmament of West Germany, which is not in the same strategic direction as China," Tang Hua said. The commander of the joint armed forces under the command of Marshal Konev is interested, and I don’t know whether the joint armed forces have the idea of uniformly changing the military forces of several countries in the future.”
Chapter 112, PJX-2 Field Artillery Computer
Liaoning, Panshan County.
In the first ten days of January 1956, Huang Jiqing took the Beijing-Shenyang line with a large group of people and got off at Goubangzi Station. After driving 1 kilometers along the road, they saw the Liaohe River. The group settled down in Qishuijingzi.
Panshan County is known as "the lower tip of the Nine Rivers". There are 21 large, medium and small rivers in the county, among which the Liaohe River, Daliaohe River, Raoyang River and Daling River are all big rivers.
In addition to many rivers and clear water, Panshan County and the mouth of the Yellow River also have similar terrain: wetlands.Now in winter, the red-crowned cranes inhabiting here have already flown south, but a fat spotted seal of Liaodong Bay can be seen crawling from time to time.
But Huang Jiqing didn't come here to watch the scenery and hunt.When he found that there was a large area of wetland in Qishuijingzi, he immediately became vigilant and called the members of the exploration team to inspect the road.
The dirt roads between villages must be surveyed to see if they are suitable for cars; the roads that can be used by trucks to haul drilling machinery are marked on the map; the wetlands that have been discovered should be outlined on the map as much as possible; The ground is hard and the roads for cars can be walked, and carefully use small flags to insert a few car roads in the wilderness.
"Li Siguang, an old boy, went to the mouth of the Yellow River in 54. He broke a car that year," Huang Jiqing said. , Drive safely, never take shortcuts and take wild places, even jeeps have to take big roads!"
"Professor Huang," the team leader asked Huang Jiqing, "when will the location of the test well be planned?"
Huang Jiqing: "No rush. No rush. I'm going to send three to four light-armed survey teams to do another surface geophysical survey of this area in one to two weeks."
In the Liaohe area, the last time a geological survey team came here was from 1951 to 1952. It was not led by Huang Jiqing, but another survey team from the Ministry of Geology.At that time Huang Jiqing was looking for natural gas in Sichuan.
Huang Jiqing also brought a copy of the surface geophysical report of the exploration team from 1951 to 1952, but he felt that some detection points were unreasonable, and the detection methods were not all satisfactory, so he personally brought several teams here to do it again Exploration of surface flora and fauna and soils.
Although the oil field is deeply buried in the ground, a small amount of oil will seep to the ground after a long time, which will cause some subtle changes in the growth of plants and organisms on the surface. The change is more obvious when the oil is buried shallow , it is more difficult to find if it is buried deep.In the 50s, this method was also a commonly used auxiliary method for finding oil.
……
At the beginning of 1956, Chinese oil workers were mainly concentrated in the four major battlefields: Yumen Oilfield was trying to expand exploration, but the industrial scale of mining oil mines (oil shale) for oil production was slowly shrinking; Karamay discovered a small and medium-sized oil field, and gradually started Trial production; the Shengli Oilfield at the mouth of the Yellow River is under frantic construction; in the area of Panshan County (now Panjin City) in Liaohe River, Huang Jiqing led the exploration team of the State Petroleum Administration to prepare for a new round of battle here.
In Shandong, the Zibo Refinery released the first batch of refined oil products—gasoline, light diesel oil, heavy oil and asphalt of two grades. Although the quality of gasoline and light diesel oil is average, the heavy oil has not been converted into light diesel oil or gasoline by thermal cracking. Vice Minister of Energy and Director Yu Qiuli of the State Petroleum Administration came to the site to cut the ribbon to celebrate.It is unnecessary to set off firecrackers to celebrate, and the celebration site is too close to the fractionation tower.
The first batch of refined oil was transported from Zibo by oil tanker train and distributed to various cities in North China and East China along the Jiaoji Railway.
Yumen Oilfield, Wang Jinxi and three other oil workers took an oath under the party flag.
"I volunteer to join the Communist Party of China." "I volunteer to join the Communist Party of China"
"Recognize the Party Program and Constitution" "Recognize the Party Constitution and Constitution"
"Implementing the Party's Resolution" "Implementing the Party's Resolution"
……
Three days ago, Wang Jinxi had just served as the captain of Beu's fifth team.Last year, after the Shengli Oilfield discovered and determined oil areas, a large number of Yumen Oilfield workers were transferred to the Yellow River Estuary in Shandong to participate in the oil development battle.Wang Jinxi also made a report to apply to participate in the battle of Shengli Oilfield. After consideration, the leaders of Yumen Oilfield kept Wang Jinxi's team, because Yumen Oilfield was also exploring new oil areas and needed several fist teams to take the lead.
Wang Jinxi put forward the slogan "Thousands of months, tens of thousands of years, set a benchmark on Qilian Mountain", and together with other oil drilling teams, prepared to go to new areas to drill wells.
……
Due to the preliminary opening of the Shengli Oilfield and supporting facilities, in 1956, China’s oil import plan was reduced from the original estimated 170 million tons to 140 million tons.
In fact, Shengli Oilfield could provide at least 1956 tons of crude oil/refined oil in 80, and the oil production of Yumen Oilfield also increased slightly, but the national oil consumption grew too fast, so it could only be slightly reduced by 30 tons tons of imports.
"I heard that your Shengli Oilfield at the mouth of the Yellow River has proven oil reserves of more than 6 million tons. Very good."
When Konstantinovich chatted with Xue Muqiao and Tang Hua, he naturally also talked about the progress of the oil industry.
"Your next job is to try to get domestic oil production to 1000 million tons and use it all up. Where to use it is a secondary question, but believe me, as long as China can use 1000 million tons of oil a year , that proves that you have achieved initial industrialization, and if you can consume 2000 million tons of oil a year, it means that your industrialization has expanded to the whole country."
Tang Hua: "Yes, this is a simple benchmark. But to consume 1000 million tons or 2000 million tons of oil every year, it means that our automobile, diesel locomotive, chemical fiber and other industries have to develop several times Just do it."
Konstantinovich's words sound like "StarCraft, as long as you can fill up the population limit of 10 in 200 minutes, then no matter how poor your combat awareness is, you can kill 90% of the players".
But these basic industrial products can indeed be used as benchmarks for industrialization: steel production; power generation; oil production; coal production.
In 1955, the Soviet Union extracted more than 4000 million tons of oil, some of which were aided or exported to its allies, and the oil it digested by itself was probably close to 4000 million tons.
The total amount is so much. On a per capita basis, the Soviet Union now has more than 200 kilograms of oil per capita. Even if China reaches 1000 million tons, the per capita oil is only 16 kilograms.
As for the United States, it now extracts 3.4 million tons of oil a year...
……
Supreme Council of Ministers All Union Defence.
In the air-to-surface guided munitions development planning meeting, the representatives of the Soviet side were supposed to be officers/officials from the Ministry of Defense, the General Staff and the Ministry of Aviation Industry, but on the first day, the uniforms of the Soviet Army appeared.
One of them was an acquaintance: Soviet Artillery Marshal Chistyakov. In 1954, he came forward to talk with Tang Hua about the introduction of the Red Arrow-1 anti-tank missile.
"Academician Tang Hua, I applied to the Ministry of National Defense to attend the half-day meeting. The main reason is that there is a technical problem that Chinese comrades need to help solve." Chistyakov said with some embarrassment. Comrade explained."
After confirming with the secretary of the Soviet Ministry of Defense, Tang Hua nodded and said yes.
Chistyakov: "From 1953 to 1954, the Soviet artillery established contact with several universities in Leningrad, and asked the electrical engineering departments of these universities to help them imitate the field artillery computer. Later they imitated it, And 20 were produced. However, after the artillery received the 20 computers, it was found that in some cases it malfunctioned."
No wonder Marshal Chistyakov looked embarrassed just now. It turned out that the Soviet artillery secretly asked the university for help and imitated the PJX-1 field artillery computer.And it hasn't been imitated yet, and I will ask Chinese comrades to help solve the problem later.
This matter... Tang Hua actually knew about it a long time ago and didn't take it seriously.