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Now China's first national census...

It's actually not the first time the world has used a computer-aided census.The United States was the first to use computers, and it was used in the 1950 census. The model was the UNIVAC-100 that was sold while increasing in price, and finally cost more than 1 million US dollars.

But Tang Hua can be sure that although China's national census is not the first time to use a computer, it must be the first time to use a computer communication network.

In addition, the population information collected in this national census is also more detailed than the historical "one census".

……

"Given that the capitals of every province in the country are now basically wired, it is relatively simple to connect the census computers to the Internet. Some remote provinces with a small population may not need to set up separate outlets, but I think even the Internet is also a problem. Good, because transportation in remote provinces with small populations is often inconvenient.”

At the beginning of this year, when the Government Affairs Council and the National Bureau of Statistics were preparing for the census work, Tang Hua said this to the Prime Minister.

"Each province is equipped with one, and provinces with a large population are equipped with two computers. The standard accessories are punched card readers, printers, hard disks and 2M tape drives, all of which have their own Chinese systems. The network system relies on the existing cable telegraph network , and equipped with a 25Kb modem——if the line quality in remote areas is not good, the speed may not reach 3.2Kbit per second, but it doesn’t matter, and the population in remote provinces is generally small.”

The Prime Minister looked at a net drawn by Tang Hua on the map of China with a pen.

This is actually based on the current cable telegraph network and outlined.

Prime Minister: "After the census is over, it seems that the Government Affairs Council will be able to accept a very powerful system."

Tang Hua chuckled: "Our country will become the first country in the world where all provinces have internet-connected computers. And, um, we will establish the most complete national population database in the most populous country in the world today."

The total data capacity of this database is 40G. If you use hard disks, you need about 4000 10M hard disks, which is impossible.

The plan Tang Hua gave was to store 1600 magnetic tapes, which would be read from the magnetic tapes to the computer when needed.

The tape storage also needs double backup, so it is 3200 disks.

It seems that the National Bureau of Statistics has to open up two offices to store data.

……

Although it is a relatively primitive network connection method, computers are still faster than wired telegraphs, because the terminals of the computer communication network are in the provincial government building, and may even be on the desk of the secretary of the provincial party committee, while the terminals of the telegram are in the post office.

The amount of information transmitted by a computer is much greater than that of a telegram.

There is no error in the information delivered by the computer.Moreover, computer delivery of information can be interactive.

"I see in this picture, five computers are T54M, the others are T54, and there is more than one central computer in Beijing... What are these?" the Premier asked.

"The T54M is a medium-sized computer. It has a faster calculation speed than the T54, and importantly, the ability to store data is higher."

The five servers belong to the Northeast, East China, Central South, Southwest, and Northwest respectively.

This seems to be the way the five Central Bureaus were divided.

Chapter 11, Census Computer Training Course

The full name of the Central Bureau is "the local bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China". Before the decision to abolish in 1952, there were six local bureaus in the country: the Northeast Bureau, the North China Bureau, the East China Bureau, the Central South Bureau, the Southwest Bureau, and the Northwest Bureau.

These are called "local bureaus" and not "local sub-bureaus". They are not subordinate agencies of the central government, but local clones of the central government.The decisions made by the local bureaus are equivalent to those made by the Party Central Committee.

As for why there is such a setting of local bureaus, the reason is very simple: in the revolutionary era, the transportation and communication between party organizations across the country were not smooth.

For example, during the Anti-Japanese War, it was extremely difficult to exchange personnel between Yan'an and other parts of the country. If the central government wanted to send a cadre to a local area, it had to go through the blockade of blockades, and more than once.At that time, about 10% of the county party secretary and district party secretary level cadres died when they crossed the blockade.Radio communications were also unreliable, with an entire area often lost contact with Yan'an for months.

The exchange of information is not smooth, and it is impossible to grasp the situation in Yan'an in detail, and many specific decisions can only be made by local party organizations.It was also a time of war, and the decisions made by local organizations were sometimes very important. Therefore, local organizations must be given the power to dispose of the Party Central Committee. The local bureaus continued from the 20s to the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.

Although the six local bureaus were abolished in the early 50s, its influence actually continued into the 21st century.Today you take out your ID card and you will know it by looking at the first 18 digits.The first digit starts with "1", indicating that the place where you were born was previously affiliated to the North China Bureau;

The first one starting with "2" is the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China;

The first one is "3" at the beginning, which means that your place used to be the East China Bureau;

The first character "4" starts with Zhongnan Bureau;

The first character "5" starts with the Southwest Bureau;

The first "6" at the beginning is the Northwest Bureau.

……

Now, apart from the North China Bureau that overlaps with Beijing, Tang Hua thinks it is possible to set up 5 government affairs data centers across the country, which are actually 5 computer rooms.Now it mainly stores the national "one census" population data. After the "one census" is over, it will continue to expand the data volume and data types, and finally become a comprehensive capable of administrative management, state-owned enterprise management, discipline supervision, economic management, financial management, etc. data server.

The population data of a census is used as a network cable by wire and telegraph. The data of the five sub-bureaus is concentrated in the government data center, and then written into one or two hundred to several hundred tapes, and then - the train is transported to Beijing.

In this day and age, the method with the highest transmission rate is to let the statistical bureaus of various places put a dozen wooden boxes full of data tapes on the train and transport them directly to Beijing.

In the eyes of ordinary people, there may not be anything particularly unusual about Yipu. It is nothing more than two cadres who came to check their household registration, took out a few cards and asked everyone to fill in their name, age and gender.

When the information recorded on these cards is taken back, it is time to start busy.

No, it should be said that the Shanghai Computer Institute has been busy since the printing of these standard population cards.

"The four-corner number search method is a character search method invented by Mr. Wang Yunwu. It can classify Chinese characters with up to 5 Arabic numerals. Now each of us has a copy of "Wang Yunwu" written by Wang Yunwu. "Number Checking Method"."

Wuhan, the first national census Central South computer training class.

Wang Shoujue and two "teaching assistants" from the Computer Institute faced dozens of "students" in the audience.These students are the cadres in charge of the National Bureau of Statistics and provincial party committees.

"In the four-corner number search method, there are basic strokes such as horizontal, vertical, left, and right, and they are called single strokes, which is easy to understand. At the same time, Wang Yunwu also added some characters called compound strokes. Units, they are a combination of multiple basic strokes, such as "X" and "ten" with two crossed strokes, such double strokes are called "cha"; The complex strokes are called "eight", and these complex strokes are also common in Chinese characters."

"A total of ten single strokes and multiple strokes are defined in the four-corner number, which are represented by ten numbers from 0 to 9 respectively. The four-corner number search method numbers Chinese characters according to the single stroke or multiple strokes contained in the Chinese character, and it does not follow the order of writing strokes. , but get the single or multiple strokes of the four corners of the upper left corner, upper right corner, lower left corner, and lower right corner of the Chinese character, so there are four yards in total, and one Chinese character is represented by four numbers. This encoding method can be directly used for Keypad input."

"However, in our four-corner number input method, each Chinese character has 5 digits. In addition to the four numbers at the four corners, the fifth number is the number of strokes of the character."

……

If there is a Chinese character system, there must be an input method.

What can be used immediately now is the telegraph code input method, and more than 6000 commonly used Chinese characters can be done with four Arabic numerals.

However, the telegraph code input method requires a huge amount of memory work. There is no connection between more than 6000 Chinese characters and the corresponding four-digit numbers, so they must be memorized by rote.

If there is a word that I have not memorized during work, I have to pick up the booklet at hand to look it up, and the input speed suddenly drops to the minimum.

Of course, the pinyin input method plus word selection is easy to use, and it hardly requires the input personnel to memorize anything.

However, the (new) Hanyu Pinyin has not yet been rolled out.Therefore, the input personnel still need to learn Chinese Pinyin first.

Another problem with the Pinyin input method is that it takes up a lot of hard disk.Even without association and thesaurus, inputting each character individually requires about 4M hard disk space.

Tang Hua has asked Huawei to start developing the pinyin input method, but it has not been developed yet. According to the plan, it is not a software that will be put into use now, but will wait until the capacity of mainstream hard drives is doubled.

Wubi input... Then you have to invent Wubi rules first.

相比之下，四角号码输入法算是电报码输入法的改进版。它用的是5+1位数字，比电报码输入法多1（2）位，但熟练工也可以达到40~60字每分钟的输入速度。