Back to the Republic of China to be a editor

Page 390

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Yangtze River, Han River, and Xiang River were already waterways running through the north, south, east, and west.In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the scene along the Yangtze River was "Hongge giant ships, thousands of ships, traffic back and forth".By 2019, the total cargo throughput of the Yangtze River will be 30 billion tons, of which Chongqing City in the middle and upper reaches will reach 2 million tons.

The water system is huge and there are many tributaries.More than 600 main and tributary streams have a total navigable mileage of more than 8 kilometers, accounting for about 54% of the total navigable mileage of inland rivers in the country, and also connect the two navigable lakes, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake.

The Yangtze River has no freezing period in winter, and the areas it flows through are densely populated, and many large cities are built along the river.

In addition, there is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River that can be connected to the Huaihe River system, and the inland waterway shipping network has expanded even wider.

As for the current plan of the State Planning Commission, it is to build a steel and non-ferrous metal industry in Wuhan, and part of the output will be used in Wuhan, turning Wuhan into an industrial fortress in the central region; the other part will go down the river to supply Jiujiang and Nanjing. , Zhenjiang, Shanghai machinery, electrical, shipbuilding, aviation industry.

The moving speed of goods in inland waterway shipping is about one-half of that of railway, but the energy consumption is one-eighth of that of railway, and the comprehensive transportation cost is one-fifth of that of railway transportation.This is also one of the reasons why the operating costs of industrial enterprises along the coast + along the river are relatively low.

……

"After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Ministry of Communications began to dredge the Yangtze River waterway, but the progress has not been fast enough. After I came to the Ministry of Communications last year, some engineers and field troops were reorganized and incorporated into the Ministry of Communications, and the Yangtze River waterway project was accelerated."

Vice Minister of Communications Wang Shoudao went to Wuhan to focus on the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, but he is clear about the dredging of the Yangtze River waterway.

"Indeed, now there are fewer shoals on the river from Wuhan to Jiujiang, the navigation is safer, and the average speed of the ship is much faster," Tang Hua said. "In the future, will your work continue to expand upstream?"

"In mid-September, the Chongqing Waterway Bureau of the Yangtze River will be established, and then the focus will be on the section from Yichang to Chongqing. This section of the waterway is not easy to navigate. We did a survey in April this year, and it seems that two engineering teams have already blasted on the field. Yes, but it's a lot of work."

Tang Hua: "I know this. The Ministry of Communications asked the General Administration of Ordnance Industry for [-] tons of explosives in June."

Wang Shoudao: "It's the big rocks in the river, or hidden reefs. Reefs are now a serious problem for shipping in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. There are several famous hidden reefs in the Chongqing section of the channel. Ten or eight civilian ships break on them every year. The incense candles and paper money burned by the families of the dead boatmen on the riverside have never been broken."

"Blowing up all the hidden reefs that threaten shipping is a lot of work. The [-] tons is estimated to take two quarters. Minister Wang, when the time comes, you can tell me, and the General Administration of Ordnance Industry will allocate it again."

The cleanup of the Yangtze River waterway must be fully supported.In the construction plan, the Yangtze River Economic Belt must be extended to Chongqing, and the ultimate goal is to extend to Panzhihua at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan.

Now there is no shortage of manpower, but the reef blasting and dredging equipment is slightly backward. Most of them are core drilling rigs and wooden boats for underwater drilling and blasting, and only a small number of hydraulic assisted drilling rigs.

"Minister Tang," Wang Shoudao asked a question, "The Ministry of Communications decided to try the new construction technology for the pier of the Yangtze River Bridge proposed by the Soviet expert named Xilin, and the location is on the shore of Lianhua Lake."

Tang Hua: "That's great. I have carefully read Comrade Xilin's new plan. Although no one has ever used this kind of construction technology before, the principle and theory are self-consistent, and the engineering calculations are also very serious, so I think there is hope. , if that’s the case, then it’s time to give it a try.”

……

The upper reaches of Yichang, the Shipai River section.

From May to June 1943, the famous Battle of Stone Pai took place here.The Japanese army assembled 5 people and marched up the river from Yichang to advance to Chongqing, but was stuck in the sixth theater tens of kilometers away from Yichang.Shipai became the focus of the Battle of Western Hubei. The Japanese army suffered more than 6 casualties, but failed to break through the Shipai Fortress, which must pass through when attacking Chongqing from the Yangtze River.

This section of the Yangtze River in Shipai is famous for its steepness.What the engineering team has to eliminate now is a submerged reef with a base of more than 9 square meters.At the beginning of September, about 0.3 meters of reefs are out of the water, and about 12 meters are out of the water from December to January, but the rocks covered with green moss are not easy to distinguish from the river water.When the water is high, the reef is about 1 meter underwater. Even if you look closely, you can only see that the white waves here are slightly abnormal. Only experienced boatmen can see the reef from a distance.If the boat is full of cute new boatmen and no one can see it, they may bump into it and delete the number to retrain.

"The 71st eye is filled in!"

On the reef, several workers finished drilling the last blast hole, filled the explosive detonator, connected the lead wire, and shouted while signaling to the shore with a signal flag.

After confirming that the filling connection is correct, the workers leave the reef by boat.Now the reef has been drilled 71 holes, filled with 1300 kilograms of explosives.

Team leader Qian Lifeng saw the workers' boats docked and everyone landed on land, so he took the detonators.

"There's a boat upriver!"

Qian Lifeng turned his head to look at the river, and a passenger ship appeared to the north.The boat was going down the water, so the speed was relatively fast, and it was getting closer and closer to the explosion point.

Qian Lifeng held the walkie-talkie and yelled: "Stop it quickly!"

The patrol boat in the lower reaches of the boat drove towards the passenger ship with full horsepower, and blew its whistle from a distance. The small passenger ship was stunned for about 20 seconds. After realizing what was going on, it quickly braked and stopped in the waters more than 400 meters upstream of the explosion point.

Seeing that the surface of the river was cleared and confirmed safe, Qian Lifeng detonated the explosives.More than one ton of TNT exploded a water column tens of meters high, and the strips of cloth covering the detonation point used to slow down the explosive power were blown up into the sky. Four or five meters away.

Half an hour later, the blasting team's boat approached the reef in the middle of the river again.I saw that about a quarter of the reef, which was originally a whole, with an area of ​​about 6000 square meters, was blown up, and the remaining intact boulder also exploded with several cracks. It is estimated that the explosion raised more than [-] earth and rocks. cubic meter.

The blasting team also found that 71 of the 66 holes were detonated, and the remaining 5 may have been soaked in water and failed.

"First detonate, then re-drill the eye, and then re-load the explosives," said a team member, "If you make any fuss, the next detonation will be two days later."

Qian Lifeng: "Just be content. A few years ago, when I blasted holes in the Yellow River, I only blasted 24 out of 11 holes. That's a tired one."

……

When he arrived in Wuhan, Tang Hua first went to Huazhong Institute of Technology before going to the construction site of WISCO and the small broken factory of WISCO.

In November 1952, the Central South Administrative Committee decided to build three engineering colleges in Wuhan---Huazhong Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Central South Institute of Power and Central South Institute of Water Conservancy.

Machinery, power, and water conservancy just happen to be the key development directions of Wuhan for a period of time in the future. This plan is still good.However, in January 1953, Yi Dingxin, the vice-president of Hunan University who was originally to be appointed as the dean of the Central South Institute of Power, passed away suddenly, and there was no suitable candidate for the post of dean. , Electromechanical complementary, named Huazhong Institute of Technology.

This is the predecessor of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. In September this year, the first batch of students enrolled, which also means that Huazhong Institute of Technology officially started classes.

Now Huagong has 4 undergraduate majors in 8 departments of Machinery Manufacturing, Internal Combustion Engine and Automobile, Electric Power, and Power, with 314 teachers and 1214 new students enrolled that year.

"Half a month ago, when I was about to leave for Wuhan, Sa Benqi, the director of Wuchang Shipyard, complained to me, saying that there are only 96 people in their factory now, and the large high-tech shipyards abroad often have thousands of people. There are tens of thousands of people. The factory director said that he didn't know how to achieve the development goals entrusted by the state. I said, "Don't panic, Lao Sa. Huagong and Wuhan University will continue to supply you with engineers and technicians every year. As long as you Keep the textile factory next to the military ship, and you won’t have to worry about talent not coming.’”

Today is the opening ceremony of Huagong.Tang Hua must say a few words when he comes to China.

"After hearing this, Lao Sa asked again: 'What is the relationship between a textile factory and talents?' I said: 'Huagong is now a monk university, and the students must be single after graduation. There is a textile factory next to your shipyard, and there are many female workers. Other factories If there is no factory with many female workers nearby, then your advantages will be revealed. At that time, outstanding graduates will rush to work in your factory, and you will be picky at that time.'”

The students and teachers in the audience laughed.

Just now Tang Hua counted the heads, and indeed there were not many girls, about one-tenth of them.

"...The school motto of Huazhong Institute of Technology is 'Ming De Hu Xue, Seek Truth and Innovation'. This is the expectation given by President Zha to you, that is, to achieve these 8 words when doing learning."

"But I think, it's not just the school that makes demands on your students, I also have to make some demands on the school."

"The first requirement is 'integration of learning, research and production'. Learning means that teachers teach and students learn. Research means that teachers should conduct research in their professional fields after teaching students in class. It can also allow graduate students and outstanding undergraduates to Get involved."

"As an institution of higher learning, you must be able to innovate in engineering, and your innovation results will be fed back into teaching. As teachers become stronger, they will naturally cultivate stronger talents."

"Production is production. Production does not necessarily mean opening a factory in a school to make something. Production is not just in a factory. For example, a department or a team of teachers designs a new type of machinery and creates a new process. , provided a usable design drawing, then this is also production.”

"A good engineering college must be able to achieve the integration of learning, research and production, and it must also achieve the integration of learning, research and production. Those who only teach but do not research are not colleges and universities, but a middle school. Only research but no production , It means that what you are researching is definitely not serious, or what you are researching is serious but the research method is not serious. We are an engineering college, not a research institute of basic science. Can serious engineering research still have no results? "

"In the future, what is most needed in the construction of the country is to combine the teaching work of colleges and universities with the development of applied technology, to talk about the actual implementation and application of scientific research results of applied technology in production enterprises, to accelerate the industrialization of new technologies and produce effects, and to promote national industrialization."

……

"The second requirement is that I hope to expand the content on the basis of the school motto, and use these few sentences to become a school's school-running strategy: 'Education is the foundation, innovation is the soul, and responsibility comes from action'."

"As an institution of higher learning, it is natural to educate people. Guided by your school motto of 'Ming De Hu Xue, Seeking Truth and Innovation', we will cultivate outstanding talents to build the country."

"If technology is the foundation of prosperity, then innovation is the soul of a country's progress. Since the 17th century, there have been many technological revolutions in the world, each of which has profoundly affected the world's power structure. In a sense, technological revolutions dominate Changes in the balance of political and economic forces in the world also determine the future and destiny of all nations."

"In addition to educating people and innovating, we also need to talk about responsibility. To be a scholar, one must not only have lofty aspirations, but also demonstrate one's own knowledge and character in practice. Only when knowledge and practice, theory and practice, understanding the world and transforming the world are unified, can one be regarded as a pure person who contributes to society.”

……

After the opening ceremony of the Central South Institute of Technology, Tang Hua stopped by the Central South Institute of Water Conservancy—this was the tentative name in November 1952, and it has now been renamed the School of Water Conservancy of Wuhan University.