roccoschili Page 401
Page 401
Tang Hua: "Tactical missiles, fixed rockets or fixed rockets + jet engines must be followed. But strategic missiles are not necessarily the case. At present, the solution of liquid propellants may be better realized."
Qian Xuesen and Tang Hua had talked about the division of strategic missiles and tactical missiles before, and both of them understood these concepts.
"You put forward the concept of strategic missiles and bundled nuclear warheads and ballistic missiles together." Qian Xuesen said, "This means that the development of missiles must be synchronized with the development of nuclear weapons. This plan requires precise coordination. okay."
……
"Old Qian, this is the proposal on the development of the nuclear industry and nuclear weapons project that I submitted to the prime minister and the chairman in September. I have asked the prime minister for instructions. We can discuss it in this room."
The next day Tang Hua brought over a copy of the nuclear weapons submissions,
"...According to the extent of the support of the Soviet Union, there are three possible schedules," Qian Xuesen said, "Then I will stick to the possibility with the fastest progress. The nuclear test of the first atomic bomb was completed in 1961, On the rocket side, the intercontinental-range rocket test was completed in 1961."
"Old money, if the difficulty is too high, it is not necessary to complete the intercontinental rocket in 1961," Tang Hua waved his hand, "Strategic missiles can be divided into three steps. The first step is to develop medium-range missiles to carry nuclear warheads to destroy South Korea, Japan, Okinawa, and the Philippines." The U.S. military base is the target, which needs to reach a range of 800 to 2000 kilometers. The second step is long-range missiles, so that nuclear missiles can hit Hawaii and Alaska, which needs to reach a range of 5500 to 8000 kilometers. The third step is It is the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles capable of direct nuclear strikes against the continental United States."
Qian Xuesen took the globe and measured the distance from New York to Heilongjiang with a short line, "The third step is to develop a ballistic missile with a range of 11000 kilometers."
Qian Xuesen wrote down a few time points on paper, and put his chin to think without talking.
Tang Hua: "When our first atomic bomb explodes, we can complete the development of medium-range missiles and start the development of long-range and intercontinental missiles."
"I saw not only the defense industry in Northeast China and Shanghai, but also the entire industrial system," said Qian Xuesen. "In the past two years, the domestic industrial construction has been very fast, and the idea of systematic construction is particularly prominent, and it has a strong purpose. , It is even better than the most optimistic situation I thought in my mind when I was under house arrest in the United States. If this continues, the basic industry in our hands will undergo great changes in three to five years.”
"If we talk about establishing a self-circulating and roughly complete industrial system, we are indeed making great strides towards this goal. The difficulty is not to establish an industrial system, but to realize the industrialization of the whole country." Tang Hua said.
"If there are major changes in industries such as iron and steel, nonferrous metals, heavy chemical industry, machinery, and electronics in a few years, then we must also make adjustments to our current plans, or in other words, reserve adjustments in our plans for possible future changes. However, in any case, under the current technical conditions, medium-range ballistic missiles are not a technical bottleneck that is difficult to overcome. What is difficult is long-range and intercontinental missiles. In 1958, medium-range ballistic missiles were finalized. I first Make a plan like this, and make adjustments at any time in the future.”
……
"Long-range missiles, intercontinental missiles, and then you drew a branch of the launch vehicle here, juxtaposed with intercontinental missiles?"
Seeing Tang Hua adjust the development roadmap for strategic missiles, Qian Xuesen asked.
"In order to achieve a range of tens of thousands of kilometers, the highest speed of intercontinental missiles is close to 7 kilometers per second. The first cosmic speed is 7.9 kilometers per second. With more effort, we can send objects into low-Earth orbit and become a man-made Earth satellite."
Qian Xuesen's eyes lit up. Aerospace engineering was something he had longed for and carefully planned when he was in the United States in the 40s.
"However, this will disperse scientific research capabilities and production capabilities," Qian Xuesen said. "The space age is very attractive... But in our current situation, it seems that we should have first and second. Ensure the construction of national armed forces first."
Tang Hua: "Man-made earth satellites are also part of the country's armed forces, and they are a kind of equipment that is no less effective than nuclear weapons."
Tang Hua drew a circle on a piece of paper, and then drew the orbit of the satellite.
"Suppose we launch an artificial earth satellite flying at an orbital altitude of 300 to 500 kilometers, and its orbit has a sufficient inclination angle to pass over the United States. Then a super-telephoto camera can be installed on the satellite to accurately detect Take pictures in the United States. Then there are two options. One is that when the satellite flies over China, it ejects its film compartment, returns to the atmosphere with the help of a small rocket, opens the parachute when it approaches the ground, and we recover the film after landing. You can get real-time map information within a week or even within two or three days. Another option is that the satellite digitizes the information recorded on the film and transmits the captured graphic information to the ground by radio, which can obtain a few hours or even half a year ago. Real-time information on the ground hours ago."
Qian Xuesen: "Sure enough, it is connected with computers and digitalization. ... This is really very useful. It is better to use radio transmission instead of film compartments."
"Radio transmission, we can also use another satellite as a relay station."
Tang Hua drew a circular orbit farther from the earth, "launching several artificial earth satellites operating at an orbital altitude of 35800 kilometers as communication relay stations. In this way, low-earth orbit satellites, as well as communication stations on the ground and at sea, can all Use short waves for long-distance communication."
"This is Arthur Clark's scientific conception paper. I have read it. It seems to be called "Extraterrestrial Relay."
Tang Hua: "Arthur Clark is now rewriting science fiction. I just got his "Space Prelude" published in 1951."
Qian Xuesen looked at his ICBM plan and made a simple estimate, "For ICBMs, the goal I considered before was to deliver a 2-ton load to a distance of 12000 kilometers. If the launch vehicle project is parallel to the ICBM project, then The first type of launch vehicle can have most of the same parts as the intercontinental missile, and then it can send a load of about 500 kilograms into a low-earth orbit of about 300 kilometers."
Tang Hua: "This is the first generation of launch vehicles. After that, launch vehicles and intercontinental missiles may develop independently."
Qian Xuesen: "Your various satellites must be heavy."
Tang Hua laughed, nodded and said, "Nuclear weapons will be miniaturized in the future, while satellites will be larger. Launch vehicles are launched in peacetime, and missiles are launched in an all-out war between major powers. That's why the two lines are independent."
……
"In the September 1950 report, I mentioned the idea of establishing a research system for cutting-edge defense technology and equipment. The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea and the Taiwan Campaign once again proved that cutting-edge equipment that is ahead of the opponent can exert the greatest effectiveness on the battlefield. To a certain extent, we can gain an advantage on the battlefield. In order to carry out the planning and research and development of such cutting-edge equipment, it is recommended to set up a secret organization dedicated to researching cutting-edge and forward-looking technical equipment outside the Equipment Planning Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense. From a top-level perspective, plan and develop next-generation weapons and equipment that can change the battlefield situation."
"Given the changes in our fundamentals and situation in the last 3 years, I think now is the time to set up an institution equipped with cutting-edge and forward-looking technology."
"The name can be set as 'National Defense Advanced Technology Research Institute', which belongs to the Ministry of National Defense and is a top-secret institution that studies cutting-edge and forward-looking technologies of various services and arms."
"The business distinction between the National Defense Advanced Technology Research Institute and the research institutes in the ordnance, shipbuilding, aviation and other industrial sectors is mainly that the National Defense Advanced Technology Research Institute is responsible for more forward-looking cutting-edge technologies, not necessarily the development of specific equipment, but It may only be to study and break through the basic technical principles and engineering feasibility; the research institutes of the industrial sector may undertake the breakthrough technology obtained by the National Defense Advanced Technology Research Institute, and be responsible for implementing the technology into equipment, or implementing the basic technology and equipment into a complete and measurable produced weapon systems."
"Nuclear weapons, long-range missiles and launch vehicles are extremely important to national defense and require high secrecy. Therefore, from technological breakthroughs to equipment development to final weapon system design, the Academy of Advanced Technology for Defense is responsible."
……
Corresponding to what Tang Hua's report described, Qian Xuesen's report has a more detailed plan for the National Defense Advanced Technology Research Institute:
"National Defense Advanced Technology Research Institute adopts the structure of institute-research center-research office. The structure and number of research centers are not fixed, but can be adjusted according to the emergence of new technologies or new fields, such as adding new research centers, existing merger of two or more research centers of
"In view of the current situation and national needs, it is proposed to establish three research centers: a ballistic missile and launch vehicle research center, a nuclear weapons research center, and an advanced aeroengine research center."
"The ballistic missile and launch vehicle research center can set up 7 research rooms: the first research room is the overall design room, the second research room is the structural strength research room, the third research room is the aerodynamic research room, and the fourth research room is the rocket research room. The engine research room, the fifth research room is the chemical propellant research room, the sixth research room is the material research room, and the seventh research room is the test research room.”
"The advanced aero-engine research center can set up 5 research laboratories: the first research laboratory is the overall design laboratory, the second research laboratory is the physical mechanics research laboratory, the third research laboratory is the material research laboratory, and the fourth research laboratory is the aerodynamic research laboratory. room, and the fifth research room is the ramjet research room."
"The current Aviation Industry Bureau of the Ministry of Heavy Industry can be renamed the Aerospace Industry Bureau, taking into account the current enterprise management, production supervision, system coordination, and equipment research and development of my country's aerospace and aviation industries. At present, both the north and the south of my country have begun to establish aviation industry systems. The aircraft factory and engine factory assisted by the Soviet Union, and a matching research institute was set up in the aircraft factory. After being upgraded to the Aerospace Industry Bureau, the factories and enterprises oriented to the aerospace and missile industries built by the Soviet Union or China’s own preparations should also Equipped with corresponding research institutes in this way, so as to match with the Institute of Advanced Technology and cooperate with each other."
……
"The plan is almost finished." Qian Xuesen moved his knuckles, "Such a long report, are you sure the chairman and the prime minister will read it in person?"
Tang Hua: "Based on my experience in the past few years, I will definitely."
"What if they don't fully understand the field and can't understand it?"
"As far as the revised manuscript is concerned, I can be sure that both the chairman and the prime minister can understand it." Tang Hua said, "Besides, if the chairman doesn't understand something, he will pull you over and ask questions until he understands it."
Qian Xuesen: ...
"Vice Premier Chen and I will go to the Soviet Union in mid-to-late January to talk about nuclear weapons." Tang Hua said, "After determining how much support the Soviet Union can provide, we will start to make a detailed nuclear industry development plan. Once the industrial development plan is finalized, your missile and space program can be refined or adjusted."
Chapter 24, the nuclear bomb repair reservoir is easy to use
"According to a communiqué recently issued by the Vietnam News Agency, the Vietnamese People's Army annihilated four companies of the enemy army in the provinces of Dinhinh, Taiping, and Quang An in North Vietnam in late November, and three enemy paratroopers who landed in Dien Bien Phu were killed or injured. Hundreds."
"Xinhua News Agency, [-]th, [-]th: American prisoners of war who returned to China praised our policy of treating prisoners of war leniently. The McCarthy reactionary forces in the United States threatened them in every possible way and did not allow them to tell the truth."
"Indonesian newspaper welcomes Indonesian government to establish trade relationship with my country"
"Minister Zhou EN LAI of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Central People's Government notified the UN General Assembly of the current truce situation in North Korea. On December 12, the UN Armistice Supervision Commission, with Chen Geng, the rotating chairman, as the temporary command, conducted an illegal gun collection and inspection in downtown Seoul. During the purge operation, a total of one M2 carbine, one 1-type rifle, and three Nambu 14-type pistols were seized. The Armistice Supervision Commission transferred the suspects who illegally possessed guns to the South Korean police agency and admonished the relevant responsible persons.”
"The findings of the Armistice Monitoring Commission proved that the guns entered the demilitarized zone from the South Korean side in the past two months."
“Admiral Radford, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, acknowledged at a Senate hearing on Dec. 12 that the use of U.S. naval and air forces in Indochina was premature.”
Hey, this news is interesting.Tang Hua sat up straight from the half-lying position on the chair.