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It means that Russia can now legally occupy the South Kuril Islands (called the "Northern Four Islands" in Japan), all thanks to Stalin decisively ordering the Soviet Red Army to seize these islands in the last month of World War II.As long as the Yalta system does not disintegrate, Russia's occupation of the South Kuril Islands is completely and [-]% legal.
Tang Hua put the bouquet in front of Stalin's crystal coffin.It is not yet known whether Stalin's body will be removed from Red Square in the future, and it is counted as one more time.
……
"Hi Dean Nesmeyanov, I'm Tang Hua. Today is the last day of 1953 in the Chinese lunar calendar, and tomorrow is the first day of the new year in 1954, so I wish you a happy new year."
"Oh, it's Tang Hua. I heard that you came to the Soviet Union from China. It's very good. I would like to congratulate you on the New Year."
After Vavilov's death, Nesmeyanov became president of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. When Tang Hua came to Moscow in 1952 to talk about the development of laser holography technology, he was the director.
Tang Hua: "Thank you very much for your support for my research work in the past two years. At the same time, our country is also very grateful for the help and advice provided by the Soviet Academy of Sciences in China's industrialization construction, the construction of higher education institutions and the reconstruction of the Academy of Sciences. Now the Soviet Academy of Sciences There are two academicians and 21 researchers in China, serving as experts and consultants in aiding China to guide our work. Therefore, Vice Premier Chen and Chinese Ambassador to the Soviet Union Zhang sincerely invite you to visit the Chinese Embassy on the occasion of the New Year. We will hold a New Year’s Eve Celebrate the evening party and celebrate the New Year with friends from the Soviet Union."
……
After confirming Nesmeyanov's itinerary, Tang Hua picked up the phone and called Landau again.
"Is that the physics maniac in front of the phone?"
"Aha, inventor who sneaked into the Academy of Sciences. I thought you would come to the Soviet Union once a year to sell your inventions, but you were absent in 1953."
"In 1953 I was busy applying my invention to Americans. By the way, thanks to your driver for helping to maintain my car. It works very well now."
"You're welcome, I took 4 bottles of Moldovan red wine from your villa's wine cellar."
"It surprised me that you didn't move all of it."
……
While deciding to bring Landau over to hold a New Year's celebration party, at the same time, by the way, Kapitsa, Abraham Ioffe, Hlopin, Torrezali, and Melnikov, several big names from the Institute of Physics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, were given to the party. Pulled over.
Then the physical chemist Academician Nikolai Nikolaevich Semyonov also expressed his availability.Semyonov watched the information on cloud bombs and the video of live ammunition shooting, and suddenly became fascinated by the theory of thermal explosion and combustion of gaseous mixtures, and was thinking about research in this direction.
"Dorezali is the scientist responsible for the design of the Soviet reactor. In 1946, he designed the first nuclear reactor Ф-1 in the Soviet Union and the first in Europe," Tang Hua said to Qian Sanqiang. "Melnikov also participated in the The design of the reactor, he is engaged in the special metal components of the reactor. Heluopin is in the Radium Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. I speculate that he may have participated in the isotope separation of the Soviet atomic bomb, but it is not clear whether he only participated in the separation of uranium 235 or both Chemical extraction of plutonium 239. But the New Year’s party the day after tomorrow should not express our interest in the atomic bomb too directly, it is best not to ask directly about the atomic bomb.”
Qian Sanqiang: "Yes, we should get to know each other first, and focus on academic exchanges."
Tang Hua raised an OK gesture: "That's it. In physics, especially nuclear physics, it's up to you to fight with them. After the New Year's celebration party, I think I can find a chance to gather some people to open a salon, and everyone sit together and drink , continue to deepen the relationship."
……
"We are disappointed with the work efficiency of the Ministry of Defense Industry of the Soviet Union. At the same time, the Artillery Research Institute believes that the quotation of the Red Arrow-1 anti-tank missile provided by the Chinese comrades is likely to be lower than the final cost calculated by the Ministry of Defense Industry. Therefore, we intend to revise the plan , to import the Hongjian-1 anti-tank missile launcher and the complete missile from China, instead of building a missile assembly plant in the Soviet Union."
At the Sino-Soviet Military Equipment and Technology Cooperation Exchange Meeting, Soviet Artillery Marshal Chistyakov, who participated in the talks, put forward the request straight to the point.
According to the previous principles, when the Soviet Ministry of Trade formulated the equipment cooperation plan for the Red Arrow-1 anti-tank missile, it was proposed that the launch control system be produced by China, and the electromechanical and optical systems be produced by the Soviet Union (this optical sighting system was obtained by Tang Hua from Zeiss in East Germany. custom-made), and then set up a factory in the Soviet Union to assemble a complete missile launch system.Anti-tank missiles are similar, China provides the control components, and Soviet factories make other parts and put them together.
However, the adjustment of the production plan of the Soviet Union's large-scale planned economic system was very slow (unless the top leader directly ordered it), and the implementation of the Soviet economic plan in 1953 and 1954 was a bit chaotic, and the Red Arrow-1 involved the opening of two new factories and Asking the four factories to change the production process to produce special parts for the anti-tank missile system is very troublesome.From the turmoil in October 1953 to February 10, the adjustment of the plan has not yet been implemented in the Council of Ministers.
The Soviet Union assigned anti-tank missiles to the artillery unit. Marshal Chistyakov went straight. From the perspective of saving trouble, he believed that a full set of imports was better.
This is the difference between the way of thinking of the generals of the Soviet army and the way of thinking of the foreign trade department...
From the perspective of the Soviet Army, if a piece of equipment is produced and delivered quickly, and its performance meets or exceeds expectations, then it is a good thing.If the cost problem also meets the requirements, it would be better. If it exceeds the budget, it depends on whether the performance exceeds expectations.If it works well, it can also supplement the budget.
"From our point of view, this is completely possible, but the current production capacity of our country's arsenal is slightly limited," Tang Hua said. "We need six months to one year to expand production capacity."
All of them are produced in China (Zanji), which is quite cost-effective. Each anti-tank missile launch system will earn about 14000 rubles more, and each anti-tank missile can earn 500 rubles more.
Chistyakov: "However, we in the Soviet Union can manufacture the fixing kits installed on the armored vehicles."
This is a small thing, some iron bars and nuts and nuts.
It's so strange to do business with the military. Generally, businessmen have to be prepared to be counter-offered, and the Marshal of the Soviet Army will give you an extra list when he comes up.
Since there is an extra surprise, of course eat it.As for how the Soviet Ministry of Defense and the logistics department will formulate a plan and report it to the planning committee, and whether it will be approved in the end, it is up to them to negotiate.
……
"Comrade Tang Hua, here I have an important blueprint sent by the intelligence agency, which is related to what we are going to talk about today."
General Poluboyarov, the first deputy commander of the Soviet Armored Forces, pushed over a drawing.
"This is a partial drawing of the American M48 tank that we obtained. You captured the M46 'Patton' in the Korean battlefield and sent it to us, and we studied it. But this drawing proves that the Americans developed from the M46 to the M47 tank , many improvements have been made.”
Poluboyarov pointed to a component on the M47 tank blueprint: "This is their mechanical ballistic calculator."
The KGB is awesome.No, it's probably Gruul's work.who cares.Now that the blueprint of the M47 tank has been obtained, and it has attracted the attention of the Soviet high-level, it is actually a good thing.
Tang Hua took the blueprint: "This thing is installed in the front of the turret. It should be a combination of rangefinder and ballistic calculator operated by the gunner. When the gunner manipulates the stereo rangefinder and turns the knob, The ballistic calculator is linked accordingly. The ballistic calculator calculates and outputs the result mechanically, so that the line of sight of the gunner's sight has a small up-and-down pitch change, which is equivalent to correcting the ballistic for the change in distance. In addition, this ballistic calculation The gun also seems to be able to select the type of shell, and every time you switch to a shell, just press the button, and the line of sight of the gunner’s sight will also change slightly up and down to match the different initial velocities and speed drops of different shells.”
After Tang Hua finished his analysis, he pushed aside the blueprint obtained by the Soviet intelligence system: "A pile of rubbish."
Vice Premier Chen: ...
Chistyakov: ...
Poluboyarov: "...hahahaha, very good. We can definitely use electronic computers on tanks, right?"
Tang Hua nodded and asked the staff to bring another briefcase.
"Our city of Changchun is preparing to upgrade the T-54 tank overhaul plant to a tank manufacturing plant. When the tank manufacturing plant was under construction, we established a research institute for some parts of the tank, including of course the tank's fire control computer. "
"It's not the electronicization of the tank's ballistic calculator, but the fire control computer. Ballistic calculation and fire control are two completely different concepts. The latter has a revolutionary change compared to the former."
Generally, the sighting and sighting devices installed on tanks manufactured by powerful countries in the middle and late stages of World War II are called the first-generation fire control system. In the early 50s, a new type of tank manufactured by the United States, the Soviet Union, and Britain was characterized by a second-generation fire control system.The so-called second generation is actually very simple: optical range finder, mechanical ballistic calculator, early night vision device, artillery mounted vertical stabilizer (mono-stable) or two-way stabilizer.These few characteristics, the tanks of the United States and the Soviet Union in the early 50s can generally meet 2~3 of them at the same time.
The second-generation fire control system was produced from the early 50s to the mid-60s, and even the T-60 main battle tank developed by the Soviet Union in the late 72s still used mechanical ballistic computers.
Tang Hua showed the information to Poluboyarov.
"The ballistic computer includes a tank-specific fire control computer body, control panel and stepper motor driver."
"Its function is to: calculate the weapon's firing angle and azimuth advance angle based on the selected ammunition type, target distance, all automatic sensor outputs and manually set parameters; display all input signals, intermediate results and output firing All elements; self-inspection; when the fire control system is in the reticle automatic setting working mode, the sight reticle is automatically set by the stepper motor driver through the stepper motor. The weapon shooting elements are calculated in a cyclic calculation method in order to improve the first shot Hit rate."
"The fire control computer needs to be used in conjunction with the tank's stabilizer. The T-54-2 tank equipped in our country is equipped with a one-way stabilizer, but after analysis and calculation, we believe that the two-way stabilizer can truly exert the capabilities of the tank's fire control computer. "
When Tang Hua mentioned the two-way stabilizer, Poluboyarov's eyebrows twitched.
他当然知道去年T-54A投产后，装甲兵正在督促研制更好的改进型T-54B，T-54A和T-54-2和T-54-3一样装的是单稳，而T-54B装的是双稳。
Poluboyarov: "How will the hit rate be improved by installing a two-way stabilizer and installing a fire control computer?"
Tang Hua: "Because we couldn't find a tank with a two-way stabilizer for the test, we can only use the T-54-2 for the test and then calculate it according to the empirical formula. The T-54-2 with the monostabilizer installed at 1500 meters, The hit rate of the first shot in a static state can be increased to more than 50%. If the tank is equipped with a two-way stabilizer, the first hit rate will be higher, and the time from short stop to fire will be greatly shortened."
Tang Hua thought for a while and then said: "In addition, if the tank is equipped with a two-way stabilizer and a fire control computer at the same time, then when it fires at a speed of about 25 kilometers per hour, it still has 1500% of the damage to the target 20 meters away. Or a higher first-time hit rate."
Chapter 31, It’s time for China to develop nuclear weapons