roccoschili Page 423
Page 423
Hopper: "The truth I see is that this kind of computer has already been mass-produced. Its 12 arithmetic units are exactly the same, and it is suitable for organizing assembly line production. Workers don't need to understand the principles of computers, or even have a higher education, just follow the requirements. Insert the diode into the designated position, pass it to the next link, and the workers in the next link will solder it; the next link is to insert the resistor, then solder it, and so on. I'm pretty sure that in the various countries of the Soviet camp, this T51 computer The number has reached triple digits."
The UNIVAC-1 invented by her group is now being marketed by Remington Rand Corporation. By the beginning of 1954, a total of 29 units had been sold.This is the highest-selling single-type computer in North America.
Colonel: "More than 100 computers is not a small expense. Pipelining can indeed greatly increase production efficiency, but the price of this transistor is too expensive, so its price will not be cheap."
"Perhaps Boeing will pay attention to the price. Can we do some work that the military is interested in? I want to know how much it can calculate per second."
After Hopper finished speaking, the Colonel's expression became awkward again.
……
The T51 computer was plugged in and a major flipped a switch.The three black areas on the top of the cabinet light up. Starting from the bottom, a line of letters appears first, then the second line, the third line... After all the lines of words are displayed, it stops.
"All displayed are Russian letters. The letters in the first line may be abbreviations, and the meaning of the second to sixth lines seems to indicate what is wrong, or what is missing. We are thinking that the computer may encounter Violent treatment..."
It would be nice if Mr. Binn could remove the cabinet. No keyboard, punched tape reader, card puncher, printer, etc. were brought out.
Hopper approached the cabinet, found a switch in an inconspicuous place above, and pressed it.
The display area of the computer goes off and then on again.Amidst the exclamation of the staff present, starting from the bottom display area, letters popped out row by row and turned up the screen. ——This time the display is in English!
"The switch I saw offered two choices, that is, this computer had two language modes, Russian and English," Hopper said.
Director Collins asked puzzledly: "Why does a high-performance computer made in China and used by East Germany only display English and Russian?"
Hopper did not respond to Collins' doubts, and she continued to study the computer carefully.
"A couple of jacks here, I think the computer says something is missing," Hopper said. Look at the picture and guess the answer."
"This, I can't guess it for now. This is a card punching machine. I designed this kind of thing for UNIVAC-1. This is a punched paper tape reader. This..."
Hopper stared at the small icon for a long time, and finally decided: "I think this computer can be connected to the keyboard of a typewriter. I am now going to disassemble this area of the cabinet, figure out the coding, and make a set that the computer can recognize." Let's say. You haven't got this computer running for a whole week..."
……
Beijing.
"Minister Li, have a good trip."
April 1954, 4.After more than three weeks of intense preparations, the Binzhou Petroleum Exploration Brigade of the Ministry of Geology has been formed and is going out today.
The exploration brigade is divided into the first team and the second team, 30 trucks, 1 Willis, and 1 Land Rover.The Land Rover ordered by Tang Hua from Hong Kong may have been driven less than 5 times by himself, and now it is temporarily owned by Li Siguang.The car is full of carry-on luggage, daily necessities, tools, and materials.
Li Siguang shook hands with Tang Hua, and then with He Changgong and Deng Fa: "For the past few months, I will leave it to Secretary He. Thank you Minister Tang for the car. This time, the jeep must be returned to Beijing in as good a condition as possible."
Tang Hua said with a smile: "If one car can be exchanged for a top mine, then I will immediately buy another twenty from Hong Kong."
He Changgong: "This exploration will take at least a few months, and it will go through the rainy season during the period. The place you are going to is near the mouth of the Yellow River. In case of heavy rain or flood, please pay attention to your safety. If necessary, you can call the nearby garrison for assistance."
Li Siguang nodded, "We will pay attention to the dangers above and below the ground. The area around the mouth of the Yellow River is not only complicated by the hydrological situation."
Tang Hua saw that Li Siguang's preferred inspection area was the later Shengli Oilfield. He felt that Li Siguang only chose a place with B+ level difficulty because he only cared about the closest distance.
A is the most difficult, followed by B, and C again. How hard is B grade? ——Daqing Oilfield can only be regarded as C-level.
大庆油田的出油深度大概1500米。胜利油田在1500~2000米只有零星油花子，主力油层在2000~2700米。
and……
Shengli Oilfield is known as the "Grand View Garden of Geology". The geological structure of the small area is extremely complex, with dense faults and huge gaps.The later oil development team described the geological conditions of Shengli Oilfield as "like a plate dropped to the ground, smashed to pieces, and kicked again".As for the oil layers in Shengli Oilfield, geologists have summarized them as "the oil layers are thick and thin, present and absent, up and down, oily and watery, oily and thick".
Fortunately, Lao Li is not smug about the geological situation in North China, he has collected data before.He knew that if there was oil at the mouth of the Yellow River, the depth must be greater than 2000 meters.Therefore, the drilling equipment allocated this time is 3000 meters standard.
The complexity of the geological structure is still a big problem. It's not that Lao Li didn't realize that the geological structure here is very complicated, but it's useless to realize it.Drilling in this kind of area, halfway through drilling, the drill pipe may be broken, leaked, stuck, and then delayed for one to two months or even longer.
"However, if you want to discover oil fields with certainty, you must face the dangers underground." Grubenikov Kutz, the drilling team leader of the exploration team, continued Li Siguang's words.
The 3000-meter drilling equipment was imported from the Soviet Union, and by the way, Soviet expert Grubernikov Kutz led a 10-person Soviet drilling team to help.
"Comrade Kutz, have you brought enough wine to go to Shandong this time?" Tang Hua asked Grubennikov Kutz.
"10 people brought 11 boxes. If you finish drinking, there will be a barrel of medical alcohol."
Tang Hua: "There are many highly distilled liquors in Shandong. Gubeichun is good. If you can accept Maotai-flavored liquor, you can also try Yunmenchun."
……
Boeing's Electronic Circuits Department, full of cables, oscilloscopes, dismantled punched tape readers, and electronically controlled typewriter parts.Here Hopper has been wrestling with the T51 computer for days.
Mature QWERT keyboard mechanical typewriters were born in the 19s and 6s, but in the first few years of the birth of computers, people invented no less than 70 input methods, but they did not include the use of QWERT keyboards. In 10, the Binac computer first began to use a numeric keyboard on the computer, but because the Binac computer uses octal numbers, its numeric keyboard is not 1948~0, but 9~0, with only 7 keys.
At this time in 1954, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology were experimenting with direct input from the keyboard to a computer. In 1955, they connected the Flexowriter electronically controlled typewriter to the "Whirlwind" computer, making the world's first computer that allows the use of a keyboard to input values and commands.
But neither Hopper nor MIT's move to "reinvent the computer keyboard" is sure to be ineffective.Patents related to T51 have begun to pile up in Europe and the United States.
In the end, Hopper used a bundle of thin wires to lead out the signal from the keyboard of the electronically controlled typewriter, and assembled a bundle of wires together to DIY a plug that could be inserted into the keyboard jack.
Turn on the computer and press a on the keyboard, and a segment code tube display a appears on the bottom line of the three-line display.Press b again, and there are two letters ab on the bottom line.
Hopper typed abcdefg and pressed Enter at will. It turned out that the abcdefg displayed on the bottom line jumped to the middle line, but the cursor continued to jump on the bottom line of the segment code tube.It appears that the return key has the same function as the return key on a typewriter.
Hopper typed various characters aimlessly and hit enter.But how to get this computer to start doing calculations?
Pressing Enter again, the text on the screen does not move up one space, but skips several screens.A dozen people in military uniforms and suits in the laboratory yelled and screamed.
"I just entered DIR. Maybe it's the abbreviation of directory? directory, directory?" Hopper realized that she had finally entered a valid command just now, and this command was related to the directory.
The display shows only the last three lines, including the cursor line.One is the word "Track" (tracking), which means the same in German and English.On a whim, Hopper tried to type Track and press Enter.
The screen flickered for seven or eight seconds.
"This is a person's name. After the comma is an address, and after another comma is another address,...the last number is the time!" Everyone can recognize the last line of text displayed on the screen.
Chapter 41, our journey is the sea of stars
Tsinghua University, Department of Physics.
In May 1954, the whereabouts of the 5th graduates were determined.
In fact... Tsinghua University in history did not have a physics department from 1952 to 1955.
In 1950, the adjustment of departments and departments positioned Peking University as the direction of basic science, and Tsinghua University as the direction of engineering technology, so Tsinghua University did not need a physics department.By 1952, the Department of Physics of Tsinghua had distributed all the professors and teachers to the Department of Physics of Peking University and several engineering departments of Tsinghua University. Tsinghua University had only one physics teaching and research group left. It was not until 1955 that the Department of Engineering Physics was established.
Now because Tang Hua, Zhao Zhongyao, and Qian Sanqiang went straight to the direction of laser physics in 1950, Tsinghua's physics department must be kept.Not only retained, but also expanded in scale, and subdivided into three majors:
Major in optics (to deceive the public, it is actually a major in laser physics);
Atomic Physics (established in 1951, actually engineering nuclear physics);