roccoschili Page 427
Page 427
"You mean, you can use a chip to replace the refrigeration compressor?" Wang Dayan felt a little confused after listening to Tang Hua's detailed explanation.
Tang Hua: "Maybe it should be called a semiconductor refrigerator, but its power may be slightly smaller. It is very simple Seebeck effect and Peltier effect."
The Seebeck effect is that two different metal wires form a closed loop. If the temperature at the junction of the two metals is high and the temperature is low, a current will be generated in this loop.
The Peltier effect is the reverse of the Seebeck effect, or two metals, and a direct current is applied to them, which will produce a phenomenon that one metal cools down and the other metal heats up.
Both effects were discovered in the 19th century.Later, both Thomson and Joule studied this phenomenon and summed up the formula.
Simply put, a semiconductor refrigeration chip is that a piece of N-type semiconductor material and a piece of P-type semiconductor material are connected to form a thermocouple.For a better effect, an alloy based on bismuth telluride is added.When a current passes through, heat transfer occurs between the two ends of P and N—one side cools down and the other side heats up.Of course, the semiconductor itself will generate heat by resistance when it is powered on, but generally speaking, its cooling effect is greater than that of resistance.
If the manufacturing quality is good, the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of the semiconductor refrigeration chip can reach 40-65 degrees.Semiconductor refrigeration chips are more suitable for small car refrigerators and cold drink cups.Although the power is relatively small, the advantage is that there are no rotating parts such as motors and pumps that emit noise.Also resistant to falling.
Of course Wang Dayan knew about these two effects, and they were described as an example of thermodynamic entropy increase and decrease in college textbooks.The development of semiconductor technology has turned these two "useless" effects into usable industrial devices.
"So, should I wait patiently for the appearance of semiconductor refrigerators and CCDs?" Wang Dayan asked.
"Except for these two components, the other designs are yours. I estimate that after one or two years, at least the performance parameters of these two components will be sent to you."
……
The third stop of the trip to Changchun: FAW construction site.
In June 1953, the chairman issued the "Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Striving to Build Changchun Automobile Factory in Three Years", and FAW started construction.FAW's construction plan directly copied the Soviet Gies factory, and the first model was also very simple, copying the Soviet Gies 6 truck.
This is the fastest way to create the first car, and medium-duty trucks are currently the most in-demand models in China's military and civilian fields.
The project of Changchun First Automobile Factory was subdivided into 106 small projects, with a total construction area of 70.24 square meters. The estimated investment in 1953 was 6 trillion yuan (converted into SGD 6 million), which was equivalent to 8 Wuhan Yangtze River Bridges.In order to speed up personnel training, Defense Minister Mr. Peng personally ordered that the only five auto repair factories accompanying the army be assigned to FAW as a training base for workers.The Soviet side successively dispatched more than 5 experts in education, design, civil engineering, machinery, metallurgy, power, technology, tools, technical inspection, equipment maintenance, production organization, etc. to train craftsmen and adjusters, etc., to guide FAW hand in hand. Chinese personnel.
"A factory building of more than 70 square meters is produced in an assembly line. The power supply of the factory is not a small number, and the energy demand is very complicated. Therefore, the automobile factory must set up a power department to manage the power supply." The Bureau of Automobile Industry—— It has not yet evolved into the First Ministry of Machinery Industry - said Huang Peifu, the director.
In front of Tang Hua and Huang Peifu was a factory building under construction, which looked like a coal-fired power station.
"Now the State Planning Commission has made some adjustments to the construction of FAW," Tang Hua said. "The first batch of trucks that roll off the assembly line must first be subject to cost and quality control. Secondly, there are new requirements for the localization rate of auto parts. 20 kinds of parts that can be localized before the first batch of trucks roll off the assembly line."
Huang Peifu: "I have seen the adjustment plan. Among the 20 parts, 14 are provided by other factories, and 6 are to be solved by FAW itself. put into use before completion."
Tang Hua: "The construction will be completed within three years, and the State Planning Commission has raised the localization rate index and put forward the cost quality control index for you. It is the greatest credit for your Automobile Industry Bureau to implement these two items. Don't do it again. What did you say about completing the construction ahead of schedule?"
According to some standards, in Shenyang in 1929, the Liaoning Mortar Factory of the Northeast Army assembled and manufactured a truck.However, this is similar to assembling cars from parts in an auto repair shop. There is no mass production capacity, and there is actually no mass production.
FAW is a modern automobile factory with a production capacity of 2 vehicles per year, including everything from parts to complete assembly.In the 60s, it could expand its production to 4 vehicles a year.
The layout of FAW's factory is copied from the Gies factory, and the layout of the Gies factory is derived from the American automobile assembly line factory in the 30s...
Speaking of technology 20 years ago.
Jiefang CA10, commonly known as "Old Jiefang", was barely usable in the 50s. Drivers commented that the brake system is safe and reliable, with a solid structure and long service life, and the engine has good uniformity after starting.But its engine consumes 29 liters of fuel per 90 kilometers and has a total power of just over [-] horsepower.
But now in the automotive industry, we have to solve the problem first.An automobile factory can firstly meet domestic demand for automobiles, secondly train engineers and technicians, and train design teams.Going from 0 to 1 is the hardest, going from 1 to 2 to 10 is not so difficult.After setting up the basic automobile industry frame, first of all...replace that engine first.
……
The FAW construction site is the last stop in Changchun, and then go back to Shenyang.
Because the chairman is coming to Shenyang for inspection.
In April 1954, the chairman's inspection plan was from Beijing to Shanhaiguan and Qinhuangdao. In May, the chairman said that since he had already arrived at Shanhaiguan, he might as well continue to go out to Shenyang for inspection.
The last time the chairman visited Shenyang was in March 1950. When he returned from visiting the Soviet Union, he got off the car in Shenyang for inspection.At that time, only a few months after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the cities in the Northeast could only be regarded as resumed production, and no major construction projects had been seen.
Four years have passed in a blink of an eye, and now the Chairman wants to know what has happened in Northeast China, especially in Shenyang.
Shenyang... a little tidy up.
Dalian Jianxin Company set up a branch factory in Shenyang to produce guns. Factory 112B is the Shenyang Tactical Missile Factory.The 112A plant under construction is the Shenyang Aircraft Manufacturing Plant.The Shenyang Specialty Chemical Plant was put into operation - this is the propellant plant for the missiles of Plant 112B.The Shenyang No. 5 Machine Tool Factory aided by the Soviet Union just went into operation in May, and the Shenyang No. [-] Machine Tool Factory aided by the Czech Republic is under construction.Shenyang Pneumatic Tool Factory was put into operation, and Shenyang Cable Factory was put into operation.
……
"Lang Zeqian?" Tang Hua walked into the milling machine testing workshop of Shenyang No. [-] Machine Tool Factory and saw a programmer busy in front of the computer.
"Minister Tang," Lang Zeqian said, "this milling machine has been remodeled, and Shen Yiji's machine tool production line can be divided into a CNC machine tool line, so that a part of CNC machine tools can be produced. The type and quantity are determined according to the needs of each unit. "
"Now there is a temporary task," Tang Hua said, "You gather everyone from your industrial computer development team to Shenyang, and we will spend a week to continue to improve this thing."
Chapter 44, the chairman is the eighth grade miller
Tang Hua recalled that the time when the Chairman visited Shenyang for the second time was not June 1954.
But the original Shenyang No. 1954 Machine Tool Factory was not put into production in [-]...
Besides, Shenyang now has a production complex that is probably the most advanced tactical missile in the world. All the missiles produced have been verified in actual combat.
In short, Tang Hua felt that the logic of this matter was very clear: the event of "the chairman came to Shenyang for inspection" did not happen at a fixed time, but was triggered by conditions.The trigger condition may be "Shenyang No. [-] Machine Tool Factory put into operation" or "Shenyang Heavy Industry has made great progress".
"Chairman."
At the door of Shen Yiji, Tang Hua, who came out from the inside, shook hands with the chairman. Next to him were Shen Yiji's factory director, secretary, and comrades from the Liaoning Planning Commission.
"So Tang Hua, you are hiding inside." The chairman said.
Tang Hua nodded with a smile.For the past few days, he has been adjusting the program on the Shenyi machine with the people from the industrial computer development team, and he only completed the programming this morning.
Next to the chairman is Deng Zifei, acting chairman of the State Planning Commission.Vice Chairman Li Fuchun.
Li Fuchun is an acquaintance who has worked together for a long time, and Deng Zifei is no stranger.
"Engels once said that making machines with machines marks the completion of the industrial revolution. Human society has experienced two industrial revolutions and is now experiencing the third, but making machines with machines is still considered the most important step in the industrial system Of course Tang Hua is now the chief "local companion", taking the chairman to inspect the first workshop of the machine tool factory like a tour guide.
"Shenyang No. [-] Machine Tool Factory was established with the help of Soviet comrades. It is the first modern electrified machine tool factory in China. The commissioning of Shenyang No. [-] Machine Tool means that China can produce machines for manufacturing machines on a large scale. It is the first turning point in China's industrialization process, and it is also one of the three key points of the First Five-Year Plan."
"Shenyang No. 1949 Machine Tool Factory was able to manufacture some simple machine tools at the beginning of liberation. For example, in 1952, the workers trial-produced a six-foot belt lathe. month complete."
"These two lathes were first put into production by Shenyi Machine. They mainly used turning tools to turn rotating workpieces. In addition to turning tools, drills, reamers, reamers, taps, dies and knurls were also used on the lathes. Tools etc. process the rotating workpiece.” In the first workshop, Tang Hua introduced to the chairman, “The smaller one is called 1A62 medium-sized lathe, and the larger one is called 1D63A large-scale lathe.”
There are also several operators present in the workshop. "Comrade workers, have you ever studied in the Soviet Union?" the chairman asked one of the old workers.
"Report Chairman, I learned it in a factory."
"Have any Soviet engineers helped you?"
"There is Comrade Plekhanov, who is my teacher and the deputy director of the workshop."
……
"This is the grinding machine workshop, and the 3544-type guide rail grinding machine is being produced. A grinding machine is a machine tool that grinds the surface of a workpiece with a grinding tool. Generally, a high-speed rotating grinding wheel is used as a grinding tool. The grinding machine can process materials with higher hardness. Such as hardened steel, cemented carbide, etc.; can also process brittle materials, such as glass and granite."
The chairman approached the grinder, and the two adjustment wheels on the grinder were right at hand. The chairman held the adjustment wheels of the grinder with both hands, then let go and said with a smile, "I won't play tricks."