roccoschili Page 442
Page 442
"This Wanhuguan was the first fantasist in the world to try to use solid-fuel rockets to carry people into the air. But then we lost even the interest in exploring unknown things, and the scientific and technological undertakings became more and more backward. bullying."
"Today the Chinese finally explored space for the first time. Although we are a bit late, we hope that we are not too late."
Chapter 54, Xueyuan Road [-]th University
The TK-2 sounding rocket drilled through the Karman line and realized the first space exploration of the Chinese.
However, this TK-2 has no payload on it, only a parachute...
It was supposed to be loaded.Bring at least an atmospheric monitor, it is very useful and necessary to collect atmospheric information above the stratosphere.This information was still an advanced core technology in the 50s, and the United States did not disclose it, and the Soviet Union did not want it.Now this TK-2 has only collected one piece of information, that is, "The wind in the thermosphere is really strong. After going up and down for 85 kilometers, the rocket flew southward for 30 kilometers."
These can only be done by the sounding rockets in the future. On the day when TK-2 successfully broke through the 100-kilometer altitude, Qian Xuesen held a meeting with his five officers on the spot to ponder about the TK-3 sounding rocket.
The ecology of Wuliangsuhai is still so pure and natural.
Fish can be seen in the clear water, and big birds can be seen in the reeds from time to time. The test firing of the TK series of sounding rockets is over, and Tang Hua can still switch to vacation mode for two days here-the test firing of the self-controlled missiles of Hongqi-4A and Hongqi-4B is not surprising, just a white smoke in the sky from biu Draw a long white parabola.
Hongqi-3 is the introduction of imitation S75.
Hongqi-4 is a medium/short-range anti-aircraft bomb.
Hongqi-5 is being planned, a medium-range semi-active radar-guided anti-aircraft bomb, mainly ship-air, and ground-air models are also available.
Hongqi-6 is also planning, a newer generation of short-range anti-aircraft bombs, Hongqi-5 and 6 will jointly replace Hongqi-4.
Next, Hongqi-7 intends to succeed S75/Hongqi-3, but this is 10 years later.
At present, because the naval shipbuilding plan is revised step by step, the development plan of anti-aircraft missiles is only a rough framework, and there are still many adjustments to be made in the future.
After sorting out the plan for the next 10 years in his mind, Tang Hua realized that he hadn't caught any fish for more than an hour. 20 meters away, Zhou Xuan and Tang Hancheng both opened.
……
Qian Xuesen is also on vacation now. Tang Hua passed by the place where Qian Xuesen was fishing and found five or six fish in his bucket, including two oversized grass carp.
"Old Qian, you are really good." Tang Hua put the two grenades he found back into his pocket again, "The fish in Wuliangsuhai are very ghostly, and they usually swim around in front of you, but take out the fishing rod and sit there. , there is no hook.”
"The fish here are very easy to catch. I have caught a lot of them who are not very good at fishing."
……
"Tang Hua, the support of the domestic basic materials and processing industries is better than expected, and the first phase of the ballistic missile and rocket project is particularly smooth, so the whole plan may be earlier than originally expected." Qian Xuesen said.
Tang Hua: "What does the adjusted plan timetable look like?"
"The TK-3 I mentioned yesterday is not just a sounding rocket. Its engine size is just right for ballistic missiles with a range of 400 to 600 kilometers." Qian Xuesen said, "TK-3 will not make engines of various configurations. I will focus on the development of a proven engine configuration for the TK-3. At the same time as the successful test flight of the TK-3, the new ballistic missile, D1, is also launched."
"At this time next year, TK-3 will fly in Wuliangsuhai. The next year, 1956, will be a critical period for the development of D1. If the TK-1955 test in 3 goes well, the finalization of D1956 by the end of 1 should be guaranteed. "
"After D1 is D2, a two-stage rocket with a range of more than 1500 kilometers, and strives to reach 2000 kilometers. Its second-stage rocket is roughly the same as D1, and the first-stage high-thrust rocket engine needs to be newly developed. D2... I plan to launch it by the end of 1958 Stereotype."
"If the support capabilities of the domestic basic industry will increase as planned, I plan to make D3, which is a long-range ballistic missile, by the end of 1960 or 1961."
The four-step approach is the established guideline for the development of missile engineering.The original plan was to launch intermediate guided missiles in 1960, long-range guided missiles in 1963, satellites in 1965-1966, and intercontinental missiles within two years.
"Since D2, the range of missiles has become longer and heavier, and the development cycle of high-thrust rocket engines has also become longer," Tang Hua said. "I feel that D2 to D3 is a hurdle. The finalization of D3 means that the rocket engine The design, manufacture, testing, ground test vehicle facilities, and proving grounds must be fully prepared."
Qian Xuesen: "I plan to start the pre-design of the four rocket engines by the end of this year. Among them is the D3 rocket engine. D3 and experimental launch vehicles use red smoke nitric acid oxidizer and hydrazine fuel, and D4 and the second-generation launch vehicle also use The same engine and fuel. Only the third-generation launch vehicle uses the dinitrogen tetroxide-hydrazine configuration.”
Tang Hua: "The first thing I thought of was that the ballistic missile re-entry site in Xinjiang, the launch site and recovery site in Jiuquan must be built in advance. ... There is also the launch site in Hulunbuir, which is for the long-range guided flight test. .If the entire plan of rockets and ballistic missiles is advanced, then the second-generation launch vehicle will not be so eager to develop successfully, we can skip the second-generation launch vehicle and directly make the third-generation, dedicated space rocket.”
The remote guide with a range of 5500-7000 kilometers actually has the potential to launch small satellites.
Because the nuclear warheads in the 50s were very heavy, the long-range guided warheads at this time were very heavy. For example, Dongfeng-4 was designed in 1965 to be able to carry 2.2 tons of warheads. In 1970, we slightly modified the Dongfeng-4, and put the 173 kg "Dongfanghong No. [-]" into orbit.
"What if your satellite design and manufacturing progress is also ahead of schedule?" Qian Xuesen asked.
……
"Okay then, we regularly review the progress of projects in several directions and make timely adjustments." Tang Hua grinned, "One more thing is how to organize troops equipped with nuclear missile weapons. A few days ago, Chief of Staff Tian Nie and Chief of Staff Su Dai asked about this matter."
Qian Xuesen: "I think it is better to listen to the opinions of the Military Commission in this regard. It is an independent branch of the military, or organized under the Air Force, I think it is fine."
……
On September 9, the missile test ended and set off to return.
In September 1954, the first thing was to start school.
It's not that the whole family is relaxed when the kindergarten starts...it's that Xueyuan Road has become lively.
The original Xueyuan Road started from Zhichunli in the south and ended at Tsinghua East Road in the north.There are so-called "Big Eight Schools of College Road" on this road, that is, eight engineering colleges.
Now there are more than 8 universities on Xueyuan Road, and it is estimated that they will be called "Xueyuan Road Thirteen Taibao" in private.
The first reason for this is that Xueyuan Road has been extended southward by 2 kilometers. The dilapidated dirt road to the south of Zhichunli should be repaired, the city wall should be demolished, and the wide hard road extends southward from Zhichunli to Mingguang Village.
Coupled with several adjustments from 50 to 54, a total of 13 universities, 11 of which are engineering colleges, are located on both sides of this new extended college road.
"From 50 years to the present, many of the core technology breakthroughs of the Electronic Information Industry Bureau originated from Tsinghua University. However, as an industry that is developing rapidly and its technology level and scale are rising, talent training needs to be gradient. This is Beijing. The original intention of the establishment of the School of Electronic Information is that it is a second-level talent training and scientific research institution.”
Tang Hua, Zhou Xuan, and Deng Fa, secretary of the party group of the Ministry of Heavy Industry, started from the southernmost end of Xueyuan Road and went north to parade from school to school.
The southernmost end of Xueyuan Road is the end closest to the city center, and the east of the road is the Beijing Institute of Electronics and Information, which occupies the original campus of Beiyou.
On the west side of the college, facing the School of Electronic Information is the University of Science and Technology of China—it is still a construction site, and it is estimated that it will start in 1956.After Qian Xuesen returned to China, Qian Xuesen, Tang Hua, and Guo Moruo discussed and put forward a proposal. The Ministry of Education approved the establishment of a university here that comprehensively covers most categories of applied science and technology.
Deng Fa: "Now that the development of electronic technology has influenced and promoted other heavy and light industrial sectors, the School of Electronic Information and the University of Science and Technology are indeed very suitable starting points on Xueyuan Road."
Tang Hua: "However, the University of Science and Technology may not be directly under the Ministry of Heavy Industry...but it doesn't matter. In terms of personnel training and scientific research, the Chinese Science and Technology Conference provides sufficient support."
Further north, there are two schools facing each other: the Beijing Film Academy on the east side of the road and the Central Institute of Finance and Economics on the west side of the road.
Zhongcai, like the University of Science and Technology of China, does not exist yet, and it is a construction site.This is neither a school of the Ministry of Heavy Industry nor a school of the Academy of Sciences system. This is probably the basic set of the chief accountant.Film schools are already open.
"Zhou Xuan, you will teach here from now on."
Tang Hua said to Zhou Xuan with a smile.
The predecessor of Beijing Film Academy was the Institute of Performing Arts of the Central Film Bureau established in 1950. It was later renamed Beijing Film School, and then renamed Beijing Film Academy, and the school site was also moved here.
As a powerful superstar during the Republic of China, Zhou Xuan had no problem settling in Beijing Film Academy to give lectures on film performance.It's a pity that the only music school now is Yangyin, which specializes in elegant classical music. After Qian Xuesen's family returned to China, Jiang Ying taught at Yangyin.And Zhou Xuan is a popular singer... But in the future, after the establishment of Zhongyin, Zhou Xuan can also go to Zhongyin to give lectures.
At the gate of Beiying School, Zhou Xuan probed into the campus, "Is it appropriate for me to give them lectures? I have never been to college."
When more than a dozen students and faculty members near the school gate ran towards this side, waving while running, Tang Hua remembered that Zhou Xuan didn't wear big sunglasses when he went out today.
"Look, look, the students are crazy when they see you, why is it inappropriate for you to give them lectures. This kind of appeal is not much different from when I went to Tsinghua University."