roccoschili Page 590
Page 590
"Comrades in China, are you going to launch a small satellite with a medium-range missile?"
Ambassador Eugene came to the door.
Mr. Chen of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Nie Shuai, who presides over the National Defense Advanced Technology Research Institute, met with Youjin.
"Exactly. According to the theoretical calculations of our scientists, if this medium-range missile is added with a third-stage rocket to further accelerate the load, it can launch a small object into low-earth orbit and become a satellite." Nie Shuai explain.
Ambassador Eugene went back and reported the news to Moscow.
Two days later, on October 10, Ambassador Eugene came to Nie Shuai again.
"The chief designer of Korolev obtained the performance parameters of the Dongfeng-2 missile you provided, and he himself carried out theoretical calculations, proving that it is indeed possible to use medium-range missiles to launch small satellites."
Eugene had come to deliver a message.
"The chief designer of Korolev entrusted me to pay tribute to the chief designer of your launch vehicle. Your rocket design idea is very bold and fully in line with the principles of aerodynamics and rocket science. I sincerely wish you an early launch of a real satellite. emission."
Nie Shuai: "Thank you very much Comrade Korolev."
Eugene: "Also, proposed by Comrade Korolev and approved by the Presidium, the Soviet military has decided to provide you with some technical information, which was obtained during our ground monitoring of Sputnik 10 from October 1st to 4th. Data, if you launch a satellite, with these data as a reference, your monitoring of the satellite's position will be more accurate in the first 24 hours after launch."
……
"The information provided by the Soviet Union is very interesting. At an altitude close to 300 kilometers, when the electromagnetic signal is transmitted to the ground, it is not exactly the same as the value measured by the sounding rocket, but there is an offset. If you do not pay attention to this offset amount, the location coordinates obtained by the surveillance radar always have a fixed error.”
Huang Weilu looked through the materials and felt that the materials were very valuable.
Tu Shoue: "It's quite useful, but we won't be able to use it for more than a month."
……
On October 10th, another one was erected on the launch pad of Wuliangsuhai... Dongfeng-13.
Of course this is not Dongfeng-1, nor is it TK-3. This is a verification bomb equipped with the third-stage engine of the Long March-[-].
The thrust of the third-stage engine is smaller than that of the first and second stages, but the combustion time is longer.A third-stage engine is stuffed into the shell of Dongfeng-1. The diameter is definitely no problem (there is a surplus), but the thrust of the engine is small. In order to ensure that Dongfeng-1 can fly smoothly, weight reduction has been done. , the amount of oxidant and fuel is 2/3.
"The overall reliability of the Long March-84.3 is 1%, and the overall reliability of this Dongfeng-95 is over 1%. I don't think there is any need to look at it," Ren Xinmin said, "I'm just waiting for the second Long March-[-] to test. The bullet is fired, that's the important point."
Qian Xuesen: "We still have to do all the tests that need to be done as much as possible. Our rocket has little redundancy. It's not like comrades in the Soviet Union who used a rocket with a capacity of 1.4 tons to hit an 83-kilogram satellite..."
There was no suspense about the success of the Dongfeng-1 verification bomb. After the rocket took off, it hit the west and landed near Zhangye. The recording instrument on the bomb showed that the acceleration and acceleration time of the rocket were in line with the settings.
In October, the United States continued its crazy test-firing state. On October 10, when Sputnik 10 was already in the sky, the U.S. Navy fired another Raytheon-DM3, and the rocket exploded on the launch pad.
The failure of Raytheon-DM18 means that the first stage of the "Pioneer" launch vehicle is a joke. The US Navy can't control so much. The cause of the Raytheon-DM10 explosion on October 3 has not been found at all. On October 18, Kanna The launch center at Cape Villars changed to another launcher and continued the launch.
This time, Raytheon-DM18 took off smoothly, but due to the failure of the pressure pump, the acceleration ability of the missile at the end of the power stage was obviously insufficient, and it failed to fly a sufficient distance.
……
The intensive missile/launch vehicle testing in the United States is of course not absolutely confidential, and many news media are following up and reporting.
"This is The Late Show with Johnny Carson, ladies and gentlemen, I am the humorous, elegant and charming host, Johnny Carson, the Late Night King of Broadway."
After the TV duo played the opening music, Johnny Carson, dressed in a light gray suit, talked to the camera.
"Today's guests are Professor Brown from the University of Houston, and Professor Anderson from Rice University. Hello Mr. Brown, hello Mr. Anderson."
"This morning, the U.S. Navy launched a missile from Cape Canaveral. It was supposed to hit the Nevada desert, but it landed in New Mexico because it didn't take off with full fuel. How do you rate it? I think I'm now It should be a sad expression. Mr. Brown, what do you think of this problem?"
Brown: "A pathetic failure."
"Sad... oh well, is it because the Soviets were the first to launch a satellite into space, and we're way too late?"
Brown: "If the launch of artificial satellites is the first round of the space race, then the game is over. We lose one game and accumulate zero points. This is already a fact that cannot be changed. There is no need for the military to continue to step up testing rockets and launching satellites. A month behind the Soviet Union is not much different from a year behind the Soviet Union, we are already Luthor."
Anderson: "When a project is called for ahead of schedule, it tends to overshoot dramatically and add money everywhere. The president pumped another $10 billion into the space program to speed up satellite launches, but a $100 million loan You can get a business up and running again and save two hundred workers who are about to lose their jobs."
Johnny Carson: "Gentlemen, I'm sorry, I have this picture in my mind now. If we send satellites into space a year later, when the US satellites are launched, the Soviet Union, China, ... Dozens of satellites greeted us in the sky: Hi, hello, a newcomer finally came."
"It's absolutely impossible." Brown and Anderson said in unison.
……
American folks and intellectuals generally believe that China's space program has just begun, and many people with colored glasses even think that China's space program does not exist at all.The think tanks of the Eisenhower administration also have different views on the stage of China's aerospace capabilities.
"On October 1956, 10, China displayed a ballistic missile in a military parade. It is clear that China is not without foundation in launch vehicles and missiles." Cole Bohm, a researcher at the RAND Corporation, wrote a A "Report on Potential Adversary's Space Capabilities", including 1 pages for the Soviet Union and 154 pages for China.
US Air Force Thomas White: "How do you evaluate the performance of this ballistic missile?"
Colboom:
"The photos on the military parade can be used to infer its size based on its size ratio to the truck. A simple analysis shows that this is a short-range ballistic missile with a range of 400 to 700 kilometers."
"Conclusive intelligence is nothing more than that. The following analysis cannot be supported by intelligence. It is an inference made by the RAND Corporation based on facts. We guarantee that the inference process is scientific and reasonable, but we cannot guarantee that the future will develop as we predicted. .”
"After the successful development of short-range missiles, China will inevitably develop longer-range missiles. The military parade happened a year ago. If the most optimistic estimate is used, then China is likely to launch medium-range ballistic missiles in 1957. development. And, Chinese scientists and engineers believe that medium-range missiles are being developed that could be used to launch satellites.”
Thomas White: "Like our 'Redstone' and Thor-DM18?"
Colbohm: "Yes. At the end of July, the Chinese government announced the launch of the space program, which proves that China hopes to send a satellite into space by December 7, 1958."
"What?!" Thomas White just wanted to say that this is simply ridiculous, but thinking of the Korean War and the Taiwan War that have not passed so long, those small Chinese missiles are actually not simple, so he changed his words and said: "Maybe the Chinese government has also been involved. The ambition of the International Geophysical Year, but they didn't express it clearly in their official announcement."
Colbohm: "Perhaps this is a low-key style of the Chinese government. The RAND Corporation believes that the Chinese government's subordinate research institutes and chief architects may have expressed uncertain attitudes to their superiors-if their plans go well , then the satellite may be launched during the International Geophysical Year, and if it does not go well, it may miss the Geophysical Year."
……
Sputnik [-] gave the United States a critical blow, but the Soviet Union did not mean to let the United States go.
10月20日，又一枚R-7火箭（8K71PS型）运进了拜科努尔，在车间里组装主箭体和助推器。
This time, the satellite is not directly installed in the rocket head in the workshop.When the first and second stages of the assembled rocket were shipped out of the workshop, the arrows were still empty.
The first launch was successful, and the design of Sputnik II was a little more unrestrained. Although it has not yet reached the theoretical 7-ton carrying capacity of the R-1.4 rocket, its weight has risen to 500 kilograms.
What can a 500-kilogram satellite do?
Korolev said: For the first time, living things can be sent into space to test the impact of space flight on living things.
In another building at the Baikonur base, the animal trainer stroked the three dogs in front of him one by one.
"Laika?" "Albina?" "Mushka?"
"Okay, let's go for a medical examination."
A detailed physical examination of the three huskies showed that "Lycra" was in the best condition.Thus was born the first animal sent on a satellite to travel in space.