Back to the Republic of China to be a editor

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The cross-border long-distance between Moscow and Beijing now has a fiber-optic trunk road as the carrier, and the call quality is not bad.

Korolev: "The cause of the Luna-I accident is under investigation. We don't have much time. The results of the accident analysis may be reflected in the modification of the third rocket."

Qian Xuesen: "In other words, the structure and technical status of Luna-II are exactly the same as those of Luna-I?"

"Yes."

Qian Xuesen held the microphone in his left hand and scratched his head with his right hand. Comrades in the Soviet Union were too pursuing speed.

"Although it is impossible to determine whether the Luna-I accident was an accident or a design defect, I feel that you have launched many R-7 missiles and 8K series rockets, and the accidental factors caused by factory manufacturing quality problems should not be too much. It is frequent, and this time it is a new type of rocket launch, so the possibility of design flaws is relatively high.”

Korolev: "I probably think so too. However, the Spacecraft Central Administration believes that the launch of a lunar rocket should continue as planned on October 10. This may be difficult to change."

Qian Xuesen was silent.

The first bomb failed on September 9, and the second bomb will be launched around October 1. It is really too late to analyze the cause of the accident and make improvements. To find out the cause of the accident, it can only be used on the third bomb around December 10. The rocket is on.

Korolev continued: "The analysis of the rocket wreckage is a very laborious and time-consuming work, and it may not be possible to analyze the exact cause of the failure. The only information we have now is the image of the optical tracking system in the first 60 seconds. , and the rocket was flying abnormally at the 95th second....Ah yes, we can send a copy of the video of the accident to Beijing by air, and I can decide on this matter.”

……

Benxi Iron and Steel Company.

The steel performance requirements sent by the National Defense Advanced Technology Research Institute made Benxi Iron and Steel's research room scratch its head.When Tang Hua arrived in Benxi Iron and Steel, seven or eight people in the laboratory were still around the low temperature box in the laboratory, helpless.

"The ultra-low temperature alloy steel at minus 253 degrees is used by the third-stage hydrogen-oxygen engine turbo pump on the rocket. The third-stage Long March-2 was also a hydrogen-oxygen engine. We finally developed the ultra-low temperature steel of the Long March-2. , but the performance requirements of the new product sent by the superior this time are much higher than those on the Long March-2."

Tang Hua: "The hydrogen-oxygen engine of the Chang-3 has an improved design. This is a large launch vehicle. The thrust and specific impulse of the upper stage engine must naturally be increased accordingly, otherwise it will be difficult to meet the needs of the rocket itself. The ultra-low temperature steel of the Chang-2 You were the first to take it, and this time you don’t want Fulaerji or Wuhan Iron and Steel to come from behind, do you?”

"Minister Tang, after we developed the ultra-low temperature steel of Chang-2, the technology was shared in the Iron and Steel Industry Bureau. Fulaerji or Wuhan Iron and Steel stood on the same starting line as us, and they only needed to use the tensile strength of ultra-low temperature steel. Another 20% increase will be enough.” Chief Engineer Gong Sicheng said.

Tang Hua: "That's not the case. The State Planning Commission and the Industry and Information Technology Commission have issued a notice on the management of invention patents and intellectual property rights of state-owned enterprises, which is binding on all state-owned enterprises. Fulaerji and Wuhan Iron and Steel can use your research and development Four ultra-low temperature steel patents have come out, but if they apply this technology to products, they have to pay Benxi Iron and Steel, so you still have an advantage in terms of cost.”

Although China's first patent law was drafted in 1979 and enacted in 1984, the patent system has existed since the founding of the country. In 1950, the Government Administration Council formulated the "Provisional Regulations on the Protection of Invention Rights and Patent Rights", implementing a dual-track system for invention rights and patent rights.

The first invention right was granted to Hou's soda production method, and now Tang Hua has also made Laohou's joint soda production method the No. 00001 invention right.

In this plane, laws and regulations on patents are a little more developed than in history.

Generally speaking, the invention right belongs to the individual, and the patent right belongs to the state-owned enterprise. It is a specific single state-owned enterprise rather than the state-owned enterprise as a whole. The sum of money will be included in Benxi Iron and Steel's corporate income.

However, there is no mandatory requirement for state-owned enterprises that hold patent rights to distribute the benefits brought by patents to inventors in proportion, and the conditions for doing so are not yet mature.

How to determine the rewards for inventors depends on the rules and regulations of the state-owned enterprise. If the leader of the enterprise insists that employees generate electricity for love, there is no way, but it will definitely lead to no improvement in the field of technological innovation in the future.

Gong Sicheng: "The patent fee is just like that, it is not the key... Our main concern is not the cost, but the failure to meet the performance indicators. We have been thinking about it for a week after receiving the performance requirements, and now we have not sorted out a specification that can do it. A technical route to improve performance by 20%."

In the low-temperature box at minus 250 degrees, there are test instruments and a turbine blade—a blade made by Benxi Iron and Steel for the upper stage of the Long March-2.The test instrument applies a tensile force to the blade, and the readout meter outside the box displays in real time how many Newtons of force it is.When it exceeds the design value by about 5%, it snaps and breaks.

This is a qualified turbine blade for Long March-2, with about 5% limit performance margin.If the new requirements are to be met, it should exceed the limit value drawn on the test equipment by about 25%.

"What technical routes have you proposed now?" Tang Hua asked.

"The first is to follow the iron-nickel-chromium route of Chang-2 ultra-low temperature steel to improve the purity and increase the low-temperature mechanical strength; the second route is iron-nickel-chromium-manganese ultra-low temperature steel; the third is austenitic Low-temperature non-magnetic steel. Now which route is very difficult, we are not absolutely sure. For example, the first and second routes require very precise smelting."

"Your electric furnace, add an infrared-ultraviolet spectrometer," Tang Hua said, "Changchun Optoelectronics Institute has now successfully developed it, which can accurately measure the temperature from a long distance, and can determine the composition of molten steel based on the spectrum of molten steel. Pre-work sampling is more accurate."

……

Later generations commented on the American Apollo program during the Cold War. What is the significance of spending 60% of the US GDP in the 0.5s every year? , materials, communications, petrochemicals, fine chemicals... and even the development of medical technology.

About 3000 kinds of applied technologies have been derived from the technologies accelerated by the Apollo program.Some of these technologies were even hidden until the 90s and released at the end of the Cold War. They were still particularly useful technologies in the civilian field and were included as part of the Cold War dividend.

Now China has no plans to land on the moon, just research and development of launch vehicles, Qian Xuesen started to ignite everywhere, and just one ultra-high temperature and ultra-low temperature steel forced three steel companies to move.

It seems that under the premise of the state's financial permission, there are still many benefits to properly engage in some high-tech projects.

……

Beijing.

"Minister Tang, how is Bengang?"

"Old Qian, the material requirements you put forward for the new hydrogen-oxygen machine and liquid oxygen kerosene machine have exhausted Benxi Iron and Steel. It is estimated that Fulaerji and Wuhan Iron and Steel are similar," Tang Hua said. "Now they are forced to go to Liangshan."

Qian Xuesen: "There is no way for aerospace engineering. The working environment of rockets and satellites is inherently harsh, and the technical indicators of basic materials determine the upper limit of rocket performance. We have to force them."

Tang Hua: "Ultra-low temperature materials are good for future superconducting research, and there is another occasion where a large amount is used, the storage and transportation of liquefied natural gas. Aerospace can drive ultra-low temperature steel technology, which is also an unexpected harvest."

"LNG tanks are made of aerospace materials? That's not very cost-effective, is it?"

Tang Hua: "So I put more pressure on their work, and asked them not only to make low-temperature steel in the range of minus 110 degrees to 160 degrees, but also to reduce the cost."

……

"This is the image of the Lunar rocket accident sent by Korolev." Qian Xuesen said.

Tang Hua knew about this when he returned to Beijing, and he also knew that Korolev sent a copy of the film to Beijing the day before he returned to Beijing.

"...I can't see anything," Tang Hua and Qian Xuesen watched the 60-second recorded video twice, "Let me tell you about my intuition. This moon is longer than 8K71PS, and the center of mass has changed. The tremors during flight should be particularly prominent, and the force caused by the vibration of the rocket body will increase when flying in the atmosphere."

Qian Xuesen: "I also thought of this, and just did an analysis."

Qian Xuesen took out a stack of negatives, which was made by re-copying the film Korolev sent, and used scissors to disassemble it into frame-by-frame negatives.

Then stack the negatives with the rocket as the center, and you will find that in each frame of negatives, the sky and clouds in the background are shaking.If the layers are stacked in the same way that the sky and clouds don't change, the rocket is shaking.Of course, all rockets vibrate when they soar into the sky, but the amplitude of the Moon rocket should exceed the standard.

"It seems that there is a relatively large vibration." Tang Hua said.

……

"Comrade Korolev, I don't know if you have noticed that the vibration of the Moon rocket exceeds the limit during the flight."

Qian Xuesen and Tang Hua connected with Korolev again.

"We also discovered this problem when analyzing the first 60 seconds of the rocket," Korolev said. "The third stage of the Luna rocket is longer, and the mass of the load has also changed, so we strengthened the structure of the rocket body accordingly. Able to withstand the shock of launch."

Qian Xuesen: "Have these reinforcement structures been accurately calculated and verified?"

"Of course. Still use your mainframe to do the structural strength calculation."

Tang Hua: "I'm afraid it's not just the rocket body that needs to be strengthened, but all components have to be reassessed for strength and seismic resistance. I feel that the accident is still caused by vibration. If possible, it is not just for levels 1, 2, and 3." The rocket body is evaluated, the engine turbo pump, the combustion chamber, the nozzle, the swimming motor, the explosive bolts at the connection, all of these have to be redone."

Qian Xuesen: "When we design a rocket, we have a necessary document called the overall performance table. The main table has statistics on 13 key parameters of all subsystems of the rocket, and the sub-table is extended to the 3900 main parts of the rocket. When the technical status changes, all parts in the overall performance table must comply with the regulations, and the design is considered complete.”

Korolev thought about it on the phone.He knows what this kind of statistical document refers to, but it is really not all unified in one document, but divided into three factories.

"I'll go over these things once time permits."

……