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"It's a good thing that the satellite starts up normally," Tang Hua said. "This shows that the design of the communication satellite itself is successful. Don't we still have two backup satellites on the Soviet side, so we can just continue to use them."
Qian Xuesen: "On February 2, the second round will be played. I hope this time it will be successful."
……
Among the crowd, Tang Hua saw another person, Zhao Zhongyao.
"Teacher Zhao." Tang Hua said.
Qian Sanqiang, Zhou Guangzhao and others also came.
Zhao Zhongyao didn't speak, just laughed looking at Tang Hua and his group of students behind him.
Tang Hua: "Mr. Zhao, the students who came back together are mainly students from the 54th and 55th classes. Most of the students from the 56th class and later are still working in various places."
"It's great, it's really great." Zhao Zhongyao said, "It's not just about seeing the students happy. Tang Hua and Qian Sanqiang, now I have some good news. After the magazine was published, the academic circles of various countries fell into chaos."
Chapter 11, a major setback that Tang Hua didn't expect
In May 1960, Theodore Maiman, an engineer at the Hughes Laboratory, made the world's first laser—a solid-state laser with ruby as the gain medium.
However, it is ironic that the management of Hughes Laboratory felt that the laser was not important at that time, so they gave up applying for a patent, which led to a 20-year lawsuit between Bell Labs and Hughes Laboratories surrounding laser patents.
Not only did he fail to apply for a patent, Maiman wrote a paper on the process of his invention of the laser, and wanted to submit it to "Physical Review Letters" (PRL), but the editor-in-chief of PRL thought that this was another civil science, and did not send the article to Towns at all. Or Xiao Luo's reviewer rejected Maiman's article.
Maiman, who was hit by PRL's rejection of the manuscript, had no choice but to take the next best thing to see if it was possible to submit a paper to a British journal.He shortened the article to only 1 page (more than 300 words), submitted it to Nature, and published it smoothly this time.
The above is the invention process of the laser in the original historical plane.
now...
Tang Hua directly gave the full set of papers, and the patent process passed the process last year.Hughes Laboratories doesn't have to regret for decades because it didn't apply for a patent in time.
In fact, Tang Hua also talked about the exploration of the principle and nature of the laser in his papers from 1951 to 1953, which meant that the theoretical research of Towns and Xiao Luo was cut off.
《激光技术全面解读》专题下面有5篇论文，唐华、赵忠尧、钱三强三人合出的。1959年12月中文版在《物理》期刊上刊登；1960年1月俄文版在苏联发表。
This title does not look like a paper. According to the paper's formula, it is probably called "A Design of Stimulated Radiation Amplification Instrument for Light" or "Design of a Stimulated Radiation Oscillation Instrument for Light".
However, many years ago, the title of the first edition of Tang Hua's thesis was "A Mathematical Theory of unication", and it was changed to "The Mathematical Theory of unication" in the second edition of the collection, so... this is normal.
The text of the paper is also very informal.
Following the discussion of laser principles in the past few years, it gradually transitioned into laser technology and laser design. When it comes to three-level systems and optical pumping, Zhao Zhongyao still uses ruby lasers as examples.
The pumping source, the gain medium of the ruby crystal, the Fabry-Perot resonator, and several core structures of the laser are introduced one by one.
The next step should be to use some space to talk about the key parameters of the laser, so that colleagues who read the paper can also make a laser in the laboratory, that is, reproduce the scientific research experiment.
"The main structure of the ruby laser is like this..."
"However, it is very time-consuming and energy-intensive to make a laser by hand. I suggest that you directly purchase the teaching demonstration version of the ruby laser produced by Nanjing Optical Instrument Factory. The power is 500 milliwatts, 1w, and 2w. Lasers can be widely used in teaching and research, and it is also a very useful laboratory light source."
"Where can I buy such a laser? Of course, it is the China Import and Export Fair held in Guangzhou, which is held in April and October each year. It is very convenient to enter the country from Hong Kong, and you only need to submit an application three to five days in advance. and personal information, just wait for the review result.”
The last article in the collection of papers is "The Use and Prospect of Laser", which was written by Tang Hua.
"...the third application direction of laser is communication. The frequency of laser is much higher than the commonly used short wave and ultrashort wave, and the loss is small, which can greatly increase the number of communication channels."
"When the laser is used for communication, of course it is not transmitted in the air, but in the glass fiber. In 1952, I discussed the attenuation mechanism of quartz glass to light (Tang Hua himself quoted his paper once), and in high-purity In the quartz glass, the loss rate of laser transmission is very low, and only a relay station needs to be set up at 5-10 kilometers, which is close to the signal enhancement station density of the cable communication system."
"China's first optical fiber communication line is to set up a relay station for 3 kilometers. Since 1958, due to the continuous reduction of the loss rate of optical fiber, the density of single-mode optical fiber relay stations has been relaxed to 8 kilometers."
"Yes, China and the Soviet Union have widely used optical fiber as a communication backbone, because China is short of copper resources..."
"I don't think optical fiber and optical fiber communication systems should be exported, because there is an organization called the 'Export Control Coordinating Committee', as well as the weird export management regulations in the United States and the United Kingdom. But in order to let people all over the world enjoy the benefits of science and technology For the convenience, we made a difficult decision: From April 1960, everyone can also see and buy optical fiber and optical fiber communication systems at the Canton Fair.”
"...the fourth application direction of lasers is industrial applications. Using high-power lasers, or coupled with focusing equipment, to generate ultra-high light intensity, lasers can be used for industrial cutting and welding. If you are interested, you can observe carefully The logo on the surface of the C55 computer is processed with an industrial laser."
"Ultra-high light intensity may also be used in the military, but I never thought of using lasers to kill people. If someone shoots a laser into another person's chest on the battlefield, it deviates from the original intention of my invention of lasers and should be punished." Condemnation by me and by peace-loving people all over the world."
……
"A fool believes that he invented the laser for the peace of mankind!"
Richard Helms, the CIA's deputy director of intelligence programs, said angrily.
The exchange of journals between the Soviet Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Sciences was very fast. Within half a month, the American Academy of Sciences and the Ivy League schools were all discussing lasers.
Due to the crazy hints everywhere in the thesis topic, the Canton Fair in April 1960 will probably become a must-see attraction for professors from British and American universities this year.
After half a month, the CIA finally realized that this is a purely academic and theoretical physics journal, and this issue also has big news.
"Tang Hua's computer and the missile system he promoted killed countless people in North Korea, Taiwan, and the recently ended Sino-Indian War. Lasers must have a wide range of military applications, but he intentionally concealed the application in this direction. ’ said one analyst.
"High-power lasers can definitely be developed into weapon systems," said another analyst.
"Laser communication is both a military and civilian technology, and it can be used to build a military wired communication network."
"Is it true that the C55 computer used a laser-engraved logo?" Helms asked a question, interrupting the analysts' discussion.
"We have always wondered about the processing technology of the logo on the surface of the C55 computer, but this is just a trivial thing on the computer, so we didn't delve into it."
Helms: "That is to say, in 1955, no, at the end of 1954, China was using lasers to do this kind of thing. And we never paid attention."
"Boss, the intelligence we missed is still there."
The person who spoke was the leader of the China Open Intelligence Analysis Team, and he was holding a piece of People's Daily in his hand.
Public intelligence analysis, of course, a large part of the intelligence sources are collected from Chinese publicly issued newspapers.Everyone in this group, from the team leader to the team members, is proficient in Chinese. After reading Chinese newspapers for a long time, they can even write a draft or two in the tone of Xinhua News Agency.
Helms took the People's Daily, "People's Daily on February 2, what did we miss in its report?"
Team leader: "Not any of the reports published on it. You can read it here."
On the front page, at the bottom left of the four big characters of People’s Daily, there is a small text box with 32 characters in it:
People's Daily, People's Daily.Laser phototypesetting, clear and clear.Domestic life, major events abroad, with a report in hand, they all know.
"This one, this one, and this one," the group leader sent Helms a large pile of People's Daily, all of which had these 32 characters on the header.
"These two lines began to appear on January 1960, 1. At first we didn't understand what it meant. We had a meeting today, heard you say 'laser', and read the original sentence of the paper, and finally understood. "
1960年1月1日和1959年12月31日的报纸拿在一起比较，给人的感觉截然不同。
There is only one word for laser phototypesetting newspapers: clarity.It is not so clear. Compared with the old newspapers (printed with lead type), the edges of the Chinese characters inside are as sharp as if they were cut by a carving knife.
The intelligence analysis team has read Chinese newspapers for many years, and they are used to the previous clarity. When they got the newspapers on January 1960, 1, they were not used to it for a while.
"So, laser is already a common and common application technology in China?" Helms said in an uncertain tone.