Back to the Republic of China to be a editor

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……

Hong Kong.

Zheng Tuobin, commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Trade, and Smith Person, representative of the US Department of Commerce.

Since it is an official meeting between the two countries, the previous underground communication channels between China and the United States will not be mixed up for the time being.

This is actually the first contact between China and the Paris Coordinating Committee-the Batumi organization is very insignificant, it is not open to the outside world, and there is no treaty between member states.The highest law in Batumi is the import and export management regulations of the United States. How the United States implements trade controls on the Soviet Union and the socialist camp, you other signatory countries can also formulate a regulation in the same way.

"Mr. Zheng, it is already a rare and special case for the United States to allow Chinese goods to enter and sell," Persson said at the beginning, "China is not a free trade market economy country, and we have no way of knowing whether your exports With illegal export subsidies, there is no way to know whether you are engaged in malicious dumping. It is only out of diplomatic easing needs that we allow China to export a certain amount of goods to the United States.”

Zheng Tuobin: ... (breathe, keep calm)

Although Zheng Tuobin, who is one year younger than Tang Hua, has little negotiating experience, he did a lot of homework before the trip.

"Mr. Persson," Zheng Tuobin regained his composure, and returned to Persson's words, "The export of Chinese goods to the United States is not because of the charity and kindness of the US government. In fact, we don't need it."

"I'm going to venture here to say that even if your government bans any imports from China, it won't affect us much. A blanket ban would only give rise to widespread smuggling, by which time every single ship that enters U.S. ports Freighters, cruise ships, fishing boats, yachts, scientific research vessels and even warships of the US Navy may carry Chinese goods ashore, and there will even be an endless stream of smuggling troops on the border between Mexico and your country.”

"Even if your country's customs and coast guard eliminate all smugglers, at the Canton Fair in China, there will still be citizens of your country who 'buy' at the Canton Fair and bring back to the United States with goods that are not illegal."

"Back to the topic of export subsidies and dumping you mentioned just now. We do not recognize dumping," Zheng Tuobin said, "In the field of electronic products, the products we export, especially computers, do not have equivalent products in your country. It will impact your similar products, so there is no dumping."

"... Even most of the patents used on computers today are registered in China." Zheng Tuobin finished this long paragraph.

……

Shanghai Institute of Computer Science.

"Tianhe-80 is still improving and strengthening the basic structure of Tianhe-120. The main improvement directions are: increasing the main frequency from 2880 MHz to 3840 MHz; increasing the number of computing chip groups from 2 to [-]; optimizing Logic diagram; the chip maintains a single function, but integrates [-] more logic gates; in order to cope with the increase of main frequency and chip density, the water cooling system is redesigned."

Wang Shoujue reported to Tang Hua the design process of the Tianhe-[-] supercomputer.

In early 1958, Tianhe-[-] was completed, and it has been two years now.In two years, of course, the next generation of supercomputers will also be able to see the blueprint.

Tang Hua holds a small chip in his hand, which is a sample of the chip used by Tianhe-1961.The first prototype of Tianhe-3 is scheduled to be completed in March [-]. Can we not produce chips now?

However, the yield rate of this batch of sample chips is still a bit low. I hope that when Tianhe-[-] starts to assemble sub-modules in the second half of this year, the quality of the chips can pass the test.

"The calculation speed of Tianhe-6.4 has increased from 26 million times to 24 billion times. Tu Changwang and Zhu Kezhen should be satisfied," Tang Hua said. The calculation of medium and long-term weather forecasts for a large area is much simpler than before.”

Wang Shoujue: "Minister Tang, that...the situation has changed again."

"Academician Zhu said that their office has designed a new weather forecast program, which can do more accurate calculations on weather forecasts, but the amount of calculation has to be tripled." Lebedev said.

Therefore, Tianhe-[-] counts as a weather forecast for nearly one day, and when Tianhe-[-] comes out, it still takes fifteen or sixteen hours?

"Why are there so many monsters in the Academy of Engineering?" Tang Hua said, "I have to carefully identify the annual meeting of the Chinese Academy of Engineering this year, and see if there are any hidden monsters in various industries. If it continues like this, the Tianhe-[-] with tens of billions of times will not be enough. They are buzzing."

……

"Million times, million times per second high-performance computer, do you have it? Is there any company in the United States that can make it?"

In the small conference room for Sino-US business negotiations in Hong Kong, Zheng Tuobin stretched out a finger and dangled in front of Persson's eyes in a showy manner, "Mr. Persson, we have exported C55, and now we are exporting C60. Your domestic Crowds imitated, some paid patent fees, and some were suing. But you must know that some things cannot be imitated.”

Persson retorted: "The computer was not invented by you alone in China. The ancestor of the computer, ENIAC, was born in the United States, and it was also the Americans who invented the transistor in the laboratory."

"However, we have invented transistors that can be used to make computers, and we have improved the transistors, making the computing speed of computers dozens or even hundreds of times faster than ENIAC. Mr. Persson, science and technology require international cooperation and exchanges. Today , even your vice president and Khrushchev are drinking Coke and chatting in the same kitchen, why do you still use that kind of stubborn thinking to look at the relationship between China and the United States?"

"Export control regulations are to prevent the export of industrial technology and industrial equipment from being used in wars. This is not inconsistent with the current peace. If the Soviet Union and China have certain equipment and certain technologies, they will be more destructive weapons, then peace cannot be maintained.”

"Frankly speaking, we are the same," Zheng Tuobin said. "Could it be that only machine tools and production lines have military potential, but computers do not? You also know the answer. The computers we export may be used in the military. But we have considered that computers are A kind of technical equipment, it can be used for both military and peaceful civilian purposes, we cannot deprive the American scientific community and civilians of the right to use high-performance computers just because there are some warmongers in the Pentagon.”

"You can go back and ask the Pentagon what will happen if they have a million-level computer in their hands. Besides, it is not 100 million, it is 300 million times per second, and China can export computers of this level. Of course, The Pentagon is not on our list of potential clients."

Persson: "..."

"Therefore, we ask the United States to relax the export of industrial technology and industrial equipment of the same category and level as computers," Zheng Tuobin finally said, "If your Congress is still so stubborn, then we have to continue the existing policy. Take it, the business is intermittent, and you continue to use the C55 and C60 to handle some simple calculations, do office copywriting, and play a few games of "Chinese Tetris" and "San Suo Li Da Interlude" by the way."

Chapter 14, The Accidents of History

Department of Microelectronics, Fudan University.

After the disbandment of the X group trio, Huang Kun headed the Department of Microelectronics at the Beijing Institute of Electronic Information; Xie Xide went to Shanghai to head the Department of Microelectronics at Fudan University.Of course, the so-called disbandment is just not tinkering in the laboratory of the Institute of Computer Science every day. There are at least two exchanges between Beijing and Shanghai every year. These exchanges do not include daily online email contacts.

Xie Xide not only set up the Fudan Microelectronics Department, but also gave birth to a baby with Cao Luke. This four-year-old kid is dominating a computer to play in the third school.

"Big Sister Xie, your kid... nobody cares about playing games?" Tang Hua asked.

"It's okay. He can only use that computer. I set a timer, and it will automatically shut down in about 30 minutes."

"What if he breaks your program?"

"Hey, if he can break my program, then he has learned his skills. It should be rewarded for playing for two more days. After two days, I will make a program that is more difficult to break."

Tang Hua: ...

The XS3725 chip has been in continuous production since its birth in June 1957.

XS=student, 3725 means that 3725 transistors are integrated.

XS3725用的是6微米工艺。1959年基于5微米工艺研制了XS6502，1961年换用4微米工艺，现在4微米的XS系列芯片已经设计好了，XS12306。

"Minister Tang, the performance of the XS6502 is very good," Wang Shoujue said. "I think it should replace the 3725. After all, the speed is nearly doubled, and the structure of the chassis is as simple as that of the 3725."

Tang Hua: "3725 is cheap."

Xie Xide: "The ex-factory price of XS6502 is only ten thousand or a few hundred, which is RMB. If Americans know that our computer is only two thousand dollars, they will go crazy."

Tang Hua: "Sister Xie, the ex-factory price of a Jiefang truck is only 5000 yuan. Now the XS series computers are used as computer rooms for college students, and as network information terminals for government departments and the military. But cheap computers can be used for more than that. I had this vision in '57 that in the future it should be a personal computer."

"Computers are originally operated by one person... Does it mean that one person can save money to buy a computer with his own salary?"

Tang Hua: "So I want to drop the price of the entire XS3725 computer system."

"The XS3725 chip cost 1957 yuan in 2000. Now the yield rate is getting higher and higher, and the quality is much better. A piece of 3725 can be reduced to 1200 yuan."

"The main circuit board was originally integrated with a network connector. I asked Suzhou to make a more simplified motherboard, which removed the network card function and reduced the price from 1500 to 1250. If you need a network card or modem, you can buy it for an extra 400 yuan. Plug one in."

"Memory 4K, 8K, 16K...Now the price is also reduced."

"The quotations of the monitor and TV manufacturers have also been reduced, from 1800 to 1500..."

Tang Hua listed the ex-factory prices of the main spare parts one by one on the paper. The mouse is optional, the network card is optional, the 8K memory, the hard disk are optional, and only one programming card is inserted.

"You can get it for 5720 yuan. It's not bad, and it's a little cheaper. The current price of XS3725 is still 8000 yuan."

Xie Xide: "It seems that the labor cost of factory assembly is not included."

Tang Hua: "This kind of cheap computer is not assembled in the factory. The user buys the parts, chooses the configuration by himself, and assembles his own computer."